Decades of social science stress the vital role of trust in a robust democracy, and scholars have explored the origins of trust, highlighting the dynamic interaction between institutional trust and generalised social trust. While the literature exhibits uncertainties regarding the causal direction between these various forms of trust, it generally suggests that trust in institutions spills over to trust in people in general. This article examines a neglected aspect of trust studies – the relationship between local institutional trust and community trust. Drawing on a two-wave panel study from Sweden, the results indicate bidirectional relationships between the two forms of trust over time. In so doing, this study contributes to the prior research by showing that in a local context, where daily interactions take place between community members and representatives of local institutions, the relationship between trust in neighbours and trust in local institutions appears to be more complex and interdependent.

Background: Alzheimer is a disease that affects cognitively. People with Alzheimer's have difficulties with communication, taking in information and their daily routines. This in turn, leads to the person needing support in their daily life.

Aim: The aim was to describe loved one's experiences of caring for a relative with Alzheimer's disease.

Method: This was a qualitative literature review based on nine scientific articles retrieved from the databases PubMed and Cinahl Complete.

Results: The analysis resulted in four themes: Experiences of care-taking of the sick one showing that relatives do not have experiences which caused stress. Difficulties to balance their daily life, showing that relatives found it difficult to balance between their social life and the care for their loved one. Lack of knowledge resulting in difficulties in caring for their loved one. Lack of own time and recovery resulting in no time to recover, which in turn caused negative health effects. Others, on the other hand, described a sense of purpose in caring for the relative.

Summary: Individuals who care for a relative with Alzheimer’s disease have strong feelings and need a lot of support from different professions and society. Knowledge, communication and trust can create a better quality of life for relatives caring for a loved one. 

Background Palliative care is based on four basic principles: Communication, alleviating suffering, supporting relatives and teamwork. The nurse’s role in palliative care is to alleviate suffering and support the patient in the final stages of life while also supporting and involving the relatives.

Aim The aim is to describe the nurses experience of palliative care.

Method A literature review with analysis following Fribergs description which included 10 qualitative scientific articles from the databases Pubmed and Cinahl.

Results The result contains four themes that affect the nurse in palliative care, lack of emotional support for the nurse in palliative care, the nurses lack of experience and knowledge in palliative care, experiences of dealing with death as a nurse and the importance of relatives in palliative care.

Conclusions Nurses experience challenges in palliative care. To improve the care they need to build better relationships with the patients and their families, learn from experienced colleagues and improve their skills in palliative care.

Background Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain condition that primarily affects muscles and joints. The diagnosis requires three months of pain and at least eleven tender points on the body. Apart from pain, the condition is characterized by fatigue and sleep disturbances. Globally, 2-6 percent suffer from fibromyalgia, with 80-90 percent of them being women. The causes of the disease are not entirely clear. Diagnosing the condition necessitates multiple healthcare visits, resulting in various treatments and tests to manage the symptoms.

Aim To illuminate individuals' experiences of living with fibromyalgia.

Method The study utilized Friberg's methodological framework (2022) for a systematic literature review. This involved summarizing and analyzing existing research in a specific area with meticulous scrutiny and a scientific approach to shed light on a current complex problem

Results The results highlighted pain and fatigue as central obstacles in both work and daily tasks. These often triggered depression and significantly impacted mental health. Additionally, this condition negatively affected family life and identity. Particularly evident were workplace stress and financial insecurity. Three main themes emerged: Trapped by Pain and Fatigue, Struggle against Depression and Identity Changes, and the Role of Family and Social Challenges.

Conclusion: Fibromyalgia patients suffer from pain, fatigue, and psychological impact, affecting work, identity, and family. They require support from society and healthcare.

Violence against women is an issue affecting women worldwide. Due to the high rates of women exposed to intimate partner violence, it is nearly impossible not to meet them in everyday nursing practice. Intimate partner violence is complex since it concerns physical violence as well as emotional, sexual, financial, and material aspects of abuse. Some women go to seek medical attention and herein lies the responsibility of the nurse to respond. Whilst many countries have handbooks or guidelines on how to support women exposed to intimate partner violence, nurses may encounter challenges in supporting these women in practice. This is particularly challenging in Jamaica, where there are reportedly high rates of intimate partner violence, but where various factors including limited resources and social and cultural norms, may limit the opportunities for nurses to support women exposed to intimate partner violence. Due to limited earlier research on the topic in Jamaica, there is a need for increased knowledge and understanding about how nurses in Kingston, Jamaica experienced the care they provide and how it affects them. 

Background ADHD is a neuropsychiatric disorder that creates difficulty with impulsivity, hyperactivity and concentration. Children with this diagnosis have a high risk of ending up in a number of unfavorable situations. In care, the nurse places great focus on the child itself, but the parent is often forgotten in the situation. As ADHD is a lifechanging diagnosis for everyone involved, the parents also need support, for themselves but also for the child with ADHD.

Aim The purpose was to describe parents' experiences of having a child diagnosed with ADHD.

Method A literature review based on ten original scientific articles, both qualitative and quantitative research.

Results The results of the literature study are shown in three themes and subthemes: Theme 1: parents' actions towards the children based on knowledge and strategies. Theme 2: the impact on the family and the social life of the parent, which is divided into two sub-themes: The impact of the family structure on children with ADHD and the impact on opportunities and security in social life. Theme 3: daily stress that affects parental life and is divided into three sub-themes: Stress, parents mental health and lack of support and help.

Conclusions The results of the literature study show that the experience of having a child with the diagnosis ADHD in the parents' lives was demanding, challenging and stressful and affected the parents' social, physical and mental health. It shows that children with ADHD affected the family structure, household finances and parents' jobs. Caring for children with ADHD was not easy for parents' social lives and created fear, anxiety, insecurity and feelings of being inadequate and incompetent to care for their child. It also emerged that parents experienced stigmatization and isolation from the people in society and relatives.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the attitudes, practices and work-related experiences among Swedish physicians regarding the referral process, integration and transition between oncology care and palliative care (PC).

METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey was performed with a study-specific questionnaire in 2016-2017 in south-eastern Sweden. Physicians working with cancer patients within surgical specialties, medical specialties and paediatric oncology participated.

RESULTS: The vast majority of the 130 participating physicians (99.2%) stated that PC was beneficial for the patient and were positive about early integration of PC (65.5%). Still, only 27.6% of the participants introduced PC at an early stage of non-curable disease. However, paediatric oncologists had a very early introduction of PC in comparison with medical specialties (p = 0.004). Almost 90% of the study population said they wanted to know that the patient had been taken care of by another care facility.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite the physicians' positive attitude towards early integration and referral to PC, they often acted late in the disease trajectory. This late approach can reduce the patient's opportunity of improving quality of life during severe circumstances. There is a need for in-depth knowledge of the physicians' challenges in order to bridge the gap between intentions and actions.

Background: A significant number of individuals who interact with Social Services have an NPF diagnosis. Many social workers believe they lack the necessary knowledge to effectively serve this demographic.

Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative study is to investigate the social worker´s knowledge of NPF.

Method: This study uses a qualitative method and has been carried out using semi-structured interviews with 4 social workers. The interviewed people works in social services with children and young people. Thematic analysis was then used to process the material and create themes for the results.

Results: The results show that there is a lack of training about NPF in social services, both from sociologist training and from employers. However, it also showed that there is a lot of knowledge and experience that is used to help this target group. What became clear was that it is up to the individual social worker to design their strategies and that there is a lack of common working methods, which leads to an inequality depending on which social worker you meet. The interview material was then analyzed using Goffman's theory of Stigma.

Discussion: The result shows that knowledge is lacking among social workers and previous research shows the same thing, in Sweden there is a lack of similar studies in Social Services.

Background: In previous studies, we investigated the effects of a care manager intervention for patients with depression treated in primary health care. At 6 months, care management improved depressive symptoms, remission, return to work, and adherence to anti-depressive medication more than care as usual. The aim of this study was to compare the long-term effectiveness of care management and usual care for primary care patients with depression on depressive symptoms, remission, quality of life, self-efficacy, confidence in care, and quality of care 12 and 24 months after the start of the intervention.

Methods: Cluster randomized controlled trial that included 23 primary care centers (11 intervention, 12 control) in the regions of Västra Götaland and Dalarna, Sweden. Patients ≥ 18 years with newly diagnosed mild to moderate depression (n = 376: 192 intervention, 184 control) were included. Patients at intervention centers co-developed astructured depression care plan with a care manager. Via 6 to 8 telephone contacts over 12 weeks, the care manager followed up symptoms and treatment, encouraged behavioral activation, provided education, and communicated with the patient’s general practitioner as needed. Patients at control centers received usual care. Adjusted mixed model repeated measure analysis was conducted on data gathered at 12 and 24 months on depressive symptoms and remission (MADRS-S); quality of life (EQ5D); and self-efficacy, confidence in care, and quality of care (study-specific questionnaire).

Results: The intervention group had less severe depressive symptoms than the control group at 12 (P = 0.02) but not 24 months (P = 0.83). They reported higher quality of life at 12 (P = 0.01) but not 24 months (P = 0.88). Differences in remission and self-efficacy were not significant, but patients in the intervention group were more confident that they could get information (53% vs 38%; P = 0.02) and professional emotional support (51% vs 40%; P = 0.05) from the primary care center.

Conclusions: Patients with depression who had a care manager maintained their 6-month improvements in symptoms at the 12- and 24-month follow-ups. Without a care manager, recovery could take up to 24 months. Patients with care managers also had significantly more confidence in primary care and belief in future support than controls.

We have investigated social workers' work with women living in dual vulnerability, namely women who are both subjected to intimate partner violence and have substance abuse problems. Through interviews with social workers from Stockholm County, we have gained insights into their perceptions and experiences, as well as the challenges and conditions that affect their work. In our study, we used a qualitative research method focusing on hermeneutics to deeply explore social workers' experiences of working with intimate partner violence and substance abuse. We applied thematic analysis to systematically identify and analyze key themes from the data collection, which facilitated a detailed interpretation of their professional perspectives. The study showed that working with women in dual vulnerability is particularly difficult and demanding. Women in dual vulnerability often have more extensive and severe needs than those who only live with violence or abuse. The social workers emphasized the importance of building trust and creating a safe environment for abused women, as many have previous experiences of betrayal and lack of trust. Long-term commitment and continuity of contact are crucial for providing effective support. Cross-professional collaboration among various actors such as women's shelters, treatment centers, and healthcare proved to be central to offering holistic support. The conditions for providing adequate support are affected by the availability of resources such as time, personnel, and education. Many social workers experience that they have limited resources, which can hinder their ability to provide effective help. Continuous training is also important for addressing the specific needs of women in dual vulnerability. Working with women who are both substance abusers and victims of violence differs from working with women who only experience violence or abuse in several ways. It requires a broader and more integrated approach, a higher degree of flexibility and adaptability, as well as a greater emotional burden. Social workers need to handle multiple problem areas simultaneously and be creative in their solutions. By highlighting the specific needs and challenges that social workers face in their work with women in dual vulnerability, this study has contributed to a deeper understanding of how support efforts can be developed and improved. To enhance working conditions and the effectiveness of support, more resources, better training, and improved collaboration between various actors are required. We hope that our research can contribute to the development of more effective methods and strategies within social work to improve support for this vulnerable group.

I Sverige lever över 10 000 barn med skyddade personuppgifter på grund av hot och våld. För barn och ungdomar som tvingas leva gömda kan skolan vara en tillflyktsort i en annars kaotisk värld.

Inrätta en nationell handlingsplan som säkerställer skydd, stöd och stadigvarande boende för våldsutsatta oavsett kommun, föreslår forskare i ett projekt om kvinnor i hemlöshet.

Sveriges myndigheter och kommuner måste sluta nöja sig med att kvinnor förvaras på skyddat boende under obestämd tid. Josefine Agius och Elisabet Mattsson uppmanar Sveriges myndigheter och kommuner att prioritera rätt i regeringens åtgärdspaket.

För kvinnor utan fast bostad är det omöjligt att få traumabehandling, eftersom en stabil vardag är ett krav, skriver Josefine Agius, Elisabet Mattsson och Woman Advisory Board.

Bakgrund: Psalmsången är en av gudstjänstens och de kyrkliga handlingarnas starkaste moment av delaktighet och gemenskapsfrämjande. ”För vår lutherska tradition är psalmen ett signum, ett kännetecken för att inte säga ett varumärke […]. Kombinationen av ord och ton gör att psalmen hittar längre in i våra livs dolda rum än vad enbart ord eller enbart musik gör. Därför finns det också mycket känslor kring psalmer […]”. Detta skriver tidigare ärkebiskop och teolog K G Hammar i förordet till Psalmer i 2000-talet. Många gudstjänstbesökare uttrycker dock svårigheter med att sjunga med i psalmerna. Oftast handlar det om att man kanske inte kan psalmerna men många uttrycker också spontant att tonarterna är för höga för att man enkelt ska kunna sjunga med i dem.

Syfte och frågeställning: Syftet i denna uppsats är att utifrån ett relevant material och i ett historiskt perspektiv undersöka tendenser till tonartssänkning i psalmer. Mina frågeställningar är:

• Kan man se tendenser till tonartssänkning vid en jämförelse mellan Den svenskapsalmboken (1937) och Den svenska psalmboken (1986)?
• Hur motiveras eventuella tonartssänkningar i psalmbokskommitténs betänkande Densvenska psalmboken: slutbetänkande (SOU 1985)?
• Vad motiverade Verbums utgivning av Den svenska koralboken, urval i lägresättningar (K Bengtsson, 2002)?
• Hur har tonarter i ett jämförande perspektiv hanterats i Evangelisk-lutherska kyrkan iFinland?
• Hur stort är tonomfånget i psalmerna i Den svenska psalmboken (1986)?

Metod och material: Metoden i arbetet är ett jämförande studium av psalmboksrevisioner med fokus på tonart, där förekomsten av faktisk tonartssänkning kartläggs. Materialet som jag har använt för att undersöka psalmerna och tonarterna är i första hand Den svenska psalmboken (1937) och Den svenska psalmboken (1986). Vidare har jag undersökt hur man har resonerat och vilka argument som använts i arbetet med psalmerna inför psalmboksrevideringen 1986 och hur man tänkt kring tonarter i några specifika psalmer. Ett viktigt material i denna uppsats är Den svenska psalmboken: slutbetänkande (SOU 1985). Övrigt relevant material i studien är Den svenska koralboken, urval i lägre sättningar (2002), Psalmer och visor 76, Sjung, kyrka sjung (Carlshamre, Skagersten, Harling, 2002) samt intervjumaterial.

Resultat: Psalmbokskommittén bakom Den svenska psalmboken (1986) var väl medveten om nödvändigheten att sänka flera av psalmernas tonarter. Ambitionen i arbetet var bland annat att psalmmelodierna inte skulle gå över c2. Ja, man kan se tendenser till tonartssänkning då 13% av psalmbokens 325 första psalmer fick lägre tonart. Ambitionen att psalmerna inte skulle överstiga c2 nådde man dock inte eftersom ca 50 % av första delen går över detta uppsatta mål. Intentionerna att sänka psalmerna fanns tydligt uttalat. Dock avslöjar inte psalmbokskommittén mycket, för att säga inget, om hur man har motiverat tonartssänkningarna eller hur diskussionerna gått i frågan. År 2002 gav Verbum ut en koralbok med lägre sättningar där 191 psalmer hade sänkts med företrädesvis ett halvt eller ett helt tonsteg. Psalmerna rörde sig i ett register mellan lilla bess till ciss/dess 2. Enbart utgivandet av en koralbok med lägre tonarter indikerar att det finns en önskan om att sjunga psalmer i lägre tonart än den givna i psalmboken. I Finland pågick revisionsarbetet med den evangelisk-lutherska psalmboken parallellt med arbetet i Sverige. Där sänktes ett mycket större antal psalmer, till och med fler i slutänden än vad psalmbokskommittén förordade. Ca 37 % av totalt 632 psalmer sänktes. Av de 325 första psalmerna i Den svenska psalmboken (1986) sträcker sig tonomfånget från lilla a och upp till e2, ett omfång på en oktav och en kvint.

Background: More and more people are affected by cancer and with that, even more are affected by the side effects that follow cancer treatments. The overview wants to emphasize the patient's experiences of how their fatigue is affected by participating in care interventions led by the nurse.

Aim: The aim was to describe patients' experiences of participating in nurse-led interventions for cancer-related fatigue. 

Questions:

1. How did the patients experience fatigue after undergoing nurse-led intervention?

2. How did patients perceive the nurse-led intervention? 

Method: A literature review was performed of eight original scientific articles. The searches were made in the databases Cinahl Complete and PubMed with data analysis performed according to Friberg.

Results The outcome of the review indicated that patients experienced a reduction in fatigue by participating in nurse-led interventions. These interventions promoted their ability for self-care and gave them the insight that they themselves could positively influence symptoms of fatigue. Patients also felt that the support and assistance they received from nurses during the interventions increased their willingness and ability to carry out the intervention.

Conclusions Patients and nurses should be able to choose more care interventions that have the task of reducing perceived fatigue. Nurses' participation is very important for successful implementation of the care interventions.

Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) suffer from impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study aimed to determine the level of HRQoL, sense of coherence (SOC), and self-efficacy (SE) in a sample of SCD patients, and to explore predictors of their physical and mental HRQoL. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 83 SCD patients of one university hospital. The data of the study was collected through Persian versions of the Short-Form Health Survey SF-36 (RAND 36-item), the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13), and the Sickle Cell Self-Efficacy Scale (SCSES). The mean age of the patients was 26.34 ± 8.19 years old. Patients' mean scores for the Physical Component Summary (PCS), Mental Component Summary (MCS), SOC, and SCSES were 40.57 ± 17.18 (range: 0-100), 50.44 ± 17.95 (range: 0-100), 52.40 ± 15.35 (range: 13-91), 26.40 ± 6.96 (range: 9-45), respectively. Regression models showed that the level of the patients' SOC, was the main predictor of the MCS (β = 0.37, p < 0.001). However, the level of the patients' SE was the main predictor of the PCS (β = 0.30, p = 0.004). Also, "blood transfusion history" in patients was a common predictor for both the PCS (β =  - 0.28, p = 0.008) and the MCS (β =  - 0.29, p = 0.003). These results can assist nurses and clinicians to plan clinical interventions for SCD patients by focusing on increasing the level of the SOC and SE and improving SCD patients' HRQoL. Furthermore, measuring the level of the SOC and self-efficacy as screening tests are useful to find patients with a greater risk of impaired HRQoL.

Background: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a long-term condition characterized by narrowed airways and reduced airflow, leading to labored breathing and resulting in dyspnea and shortness of breath. To provide personalized care, it is crucial for nurses to consider people’s experiences of the disease and support them in their self-care.

Aim: To describe the people’s experience of living with COPD.

Method: A literature review was conducted based on Friberg's method, incorporating ten original articles from Cinahl Complete and PubMed.

Results: The findings are centered around two main themes from the analysis of ten qualitative articles on people’s experiences with COPD. These themes include the challenges of living with COPD, divided into physical and psychological hurdles, and experiences of support, categorized into social and healthcare support. These themes provide insight into the complex challenges that COPD people face in their daily lives.

Conclusion: This literature review demonstrates that people with COPD are affected not only by physical health problems but also by emotional and psychological challenges. Healthcare professionals should account for these aspects to provide comprehensive and effective care, thereby enhancing the quality of life and well-being of people with COPD. Person-centered care requires empathy, attentiveness, and a holistic approach to meet the needs of people.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer affecting women worldwide. Mastectomy is a common surgical treatment and means that a part or the whole breast is removed. The bodily change combined with the ideals of society affects a person´s identity and self-image. The goal with the nursing is to support and strengthen a patient´s health processes. Person-centered care promotes health and a prerequisite to implement it is that the nurse understands the patient´s lifeworld.

Aim: The aim of this literature review was to describe women´s experiences after undergoing a mastectomy for breastcancer.

Method: A literature review based on twelve qualitative articles,

Results: The results of the literature review were presented in three themes. The themes included “Reactions to the changed body”, “Changed relationships and sexuality” and “Support and coping”.

Summary: Mastectomy does not only cause a physical loss, it also affects women mentally, socially and sexually. Women experienced a changed identityand self-image, associated with these changes. This combined with society's ideals of a woman, can possibly make their adaptation more difficult.

Background: Diabetes type 2 is a growing public health care both in Sweden and the rest of the world. In type 2 diabetes, the body has difficulty keeping the sugar level in the blood low enough. Type 2 diabetes that is not under control can create serious diabetes complications. Since self-care is the most important part of the treatment and the patient has the greatest responsibility for self-care, the nurse has an important role to provide, through individually adapted communication and information, the support and advice the patient needs to carry out self-care.

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe persons’ experiences of self-care in type 2 diabetes

Method: A literature review has been carried out based on ten qualitative scientific articles. The databasens PubMed and Cinahl Complete were used for the collection of outcome articles. The articles were analyzed to create common themes.

Results: The results are presented in four main themes: Difficulties in changing dietary habits, Difficulties in changing habits around physical activity, The professional support, Support from relatives.

Summary: The literature rewiew showed that persons with type 2 diabetes lacked individually adapted information and hade negative experiences from care meetings. To maintain healty lifestyle habits was perceived as time-consuming and complicated. Persons with type 2 diabetes need support and information adapted to their needs for to carry out self-care routines.

AIM: The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of parents handling oral anticancer drugs in a home setting.

METHODS: Parents of children with cancer were recruited from a paediatric oncology ward in Sweden to participate in an interview. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and subjected to qualitative content analysis.

RESULTS: We found the following categories and subcategories: parents' views on the provided information-lack of, too little or contradictory information, and parents' preferences for information delivery; safety over time; correct drug dose; and drug administration. As time passed, most parents adapted to their child's illness, felt safer and found it easier to take in and process any given information. Parents preferred information in different formats (written, movie clips and orally) and in their mother tongue. Many parents were aware of the importance of giving an accurate dose to their child and described the process of drug administration as overwhelming.

CONCLUSION: Parents need to be provided with accurate, timely, nonconflicting and repeated information-in different forms and in their mother tongue-on how to handle oral anticancer drugs at home.

Background: LGBTQI people are a vulnerable minority who have historically been oppressed by society. Studies showed that many LGBTQI people face discrimination, prejudice, and stigmatization both in everyday life and in contact with healthcare, which lead to psychological problems such as depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts, and suicide attempts. LGBTQI people talked about fears of being rejected. The role of the nurse is to promote health, restore health, prevent disease, and relieve suffering.

Aim: To illustrate nurses' and nursing students' LGBTQI knowledge to care for LGBTQI people.

Method: A literature review based on the results of ten scientific articles, of which four were qualitative, five quantitative and one from a mixed method.

Results: The results are reported under three themes: “Knowledge levels; perceived and measurable”, “Consequences of lack of knowledge, feelings and attitudes” and “Communication with LGBTQI people”. The first theme showed a pervasive lack of LGBTQI knowledge around caring for LGBTQI people among nurses and nursing students. The second theme showed that a lack of knowledge was associated with negative attitudes and feelings of discomfort, which led to consequences for the care of LGBTQI people. The third theme showed that a lack of knowledge also meant a lack of understanding over how to communicate with LGBTQI people as a nurse or nursing student.

Summary: The result of this literature review showed that nurses and nursing students had both a perceived and measurable lack of LGBTQI knowledge over caring for LGBTQI people. The LGBTQI knowledge that was missing was relevant terminology, information about health and understanding of how to communicate with LGBTQI people. Other themes that came up in the results were the influence of feelings and attitudes towards LGBTQI people. Lack of LGBTQI knowledge is partly a consequence of a lack of LGBTQI focus in the curriculum for nursing education.

Background: Sexuality plays a significant role in women's lives through all its phases. Mastectomy is an operation that is considered the most common treatment for breast cancer, where breast tissue containing the tumor is removed. Living without breasts or with one breast can affect sexual life. The nurse's role in postmastectomy for women suffering from sexual dysfunction is to offer support conversations where the women are encouraged and guided to learn different strategies to adapt. In this way, continued sexual well-being can be achieved.

Aim: To describe women's experience of sexual health after undergoing mastectomy due to breast cancer.

Method: Our literature review included both qualitative and mixed method research, but a large focus was on qualitative research. The original articles were reviewed and the results were then analyzed. The databases used to search for articles are CINAHl Complete and Pubmed.

Results: ​​The results are divided into four main themes: Different experiences of intimacy with one's partner, changes in body image, loss of femininity and the importance of support. W​omen who lose their breasts after mastectomy struggle with their body image and feel less attractive and feminine. They experience a range of emotions such as fear, shame and lack of self-confidence. This has a significant impact on their intimate and sexual life. The women who underwent breast reconstruction experience an improvement in their sexual function. Support from partners and the healthcare system is crucial to improving women's sexual health, however, many women experience a lack of communication and information from the healthcare system.​​

Conclusions: ​​​It has emerged that the women who underwent a transition from sexual health to sexual ill health after mastectomy experienced challenges and difficulties that affected their intimate life and self-image. The authors emphasize the importance of offering support and more comprehensive information to women regarding their sexuality. It has also come to light the need for further research to understand the experiences of different age groups, as well as the different cultural factors that can affect sexual health in women. Women's self-confidence and body image have been significantly affected by both self-stigmatization and stigmatization from those around them.​

Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death globally among cardiovascular diseases, occurring when the blood flow to the brain is abruptly interrupted either by a blood clot or a hemorrhage, resulting in oxygen and nutrient deprivation in the brain and potentially leading to the loss of motor and cognitive functions. These complications can significantly affect patients' quality of life and require careful and comprehensive care and rehabilitation to manage them effectively.

Aim: The aim was to describe the experiences of adult patients living with complications after a stroke.

Method: A general literature review was used according to Friberg to examine and categorize eleven qualitative scientific articles.

Results: The results show three main themes - experience of physical changes, emotional changes, and social changes - with eight subthemes describing various aspects of stroke survivors’ experiences.

Conclusion: Stroke survivors face a complex journey characterized by physical, emotional, and social challenges after stroke, emphasizing the need for adequate support and interventions to facilitate their rehabilitation process.

Background: Until 2050, the global population over 60 years old is expected to double, and the number of people over 80 years old is expected to triple. The UN launched a program for healthy aging (2021–2030) to reduce health disparities and improve the quality of life for older people. Older individuals increasingly want to age in their own homes, as home represents an important aspect of their security and freedom. Pets, especially dogs and cats, are becoming more common in the home environment. Nurses play a crucial role in home healthcare by understanding the significance of pets and providing high-quality person-centered care.

Aim: The purpose was to describe the significance of pets for the health of elderly people living at home.

Method: A literature review based on ten scientific articles. The search was conducted in databases such as Cinahl Complete and PubMed. Friberg's analytical model was utilize.

Results: The results showed that the health of elderly people was positively influenced by pets. For example, owning a pet can increase physical activity and improve health behaviors, boost self-esteem, provide love and comfort, as well as increase social interactions, and reduce social isolation and loneliness. The study also mentioned some challenges and risks associated with pet ownership, such as concerns about financial costs, worries about the pet's future if the owner is unable to care for them, the risk of falls, and the need för an adapted living environment for both the owner and the pet.    

Conclusions: Pets can have a positive impact on the health and well-being of elderly people. It is important for nurses to consider this knowledge and utilize it in their work to promote the health of elderly people and prevent illness through pet-related activities and interventions.

Det övergripande syftet med vår studie har varit att undersöka personalens upplevelser av hur arbetsmetoder, relationer och makt påverkar deras arbete med de intagna ungdomarna. Studien behandlar den låsta institutionens komplexitet och dess påverkan på personalen. Vi har intervjuat nio anställda på fem olika SiS-hem runtom i landet och använt oss av kvalitativ metod. Vi har bearbetat och analyserat vårt arbetsmaterial utifrån en tematisk analys för på så sätt förstå personalens upplevda arbetssituation.

Resultatet av vår studie visade att behandlingsarbetet kräver en rigorös kunskap om målgruppen, arbetsmetoder och vikten av relationsbyggande. Det var även avgörande att personalen arbetade mot gemensamma mål och använde enhetliga arbetsmetoder. En utmaning för personalen var att skapa goda och hållbara relationer till ungdomarna och de tryckte på att det var av stor vikt att man som personal vågar vara vuxen. Både tidigare forskning och våran studie pekar på att kompetens är en central del i behandlingsarbetet och något som vår empiri visade var att bristande kompetens kunde leda till maktmissbruk gentemot ungdomarna.

The aim of this study is to examine some of the employees in the Church of Sweden and their knowledge and view on the concepts of tolerance, integration, assimilation and diversity. Besides that the study also examines if those employees motivate these concepts based on what I defined as Swedish values or confessional values. The study was done through submitted questionnaires from 26 employees within 15 parishes. To answer the survey's main questions, qualitative variables method was used that looked for variables and connections in the survey responses. Furthermore the study was based on the political philosopher Rainer Forst theory regarding tolerance. The analysis of the study shows that the 26 employees in the Church of Sweden have a high influence of Swedish values and/or Swedish legislation and low influences of confessional values in their answers. In addition to that the analysis also shows that 26 employees have lack of knowledge applicable concepts assimilation and integration. The analysis shows that the 26 employees have a partially similar view and knowledge regarding the concepts of diversity, tolerance and where they draw the line for tolerance. Lastly the 26 employees' view on tolerance according to the analysis gravitate towards the political philosopher Rainer Forst theory of tolerance as a respectful concept. The aim of the study has been to contribute to studies on the Church of Sweden's employees and their knowledge and view regarding contemporary concepts in order to provide an opportunity for increased knowledge within the subject. The study can also be used as a pilot study or a starting point for a more comprehensive survey of Church of Sweden's employees attitudes towards tolerance and diversity issues.

Background: Diabetes mellitus type II (DMT2) is a public health problem that has increased throughout the world. Around 422 million people worldwide are affected by the disease. In Sweden, there are approximately 500,000 people who have a DMT2 diagnosis. Self-Care is an important part of the treatment.

Aim: To describe patients' experiences of self-care in type II diabetes mellitus.Method:A literature review based on ten qualitative scientific articles, retrieved from the databases Cinhal complete and PubMed. The literature review has been analyzed on the basis of Friberg's model. 

Results: The results are presented in three main themes: "New lifestyles", "Need for support" and "Knowledge and information". 

Summary: Many patients felt that it was a challenge to perform self-care as it involves a lot of sacrifice, knowledge, motivation, and support in self-care.

Background: Diabetes type 2 is today a public disease in Sweden and around the world, where the number of sufferers is expected to increase to 643 million in 2030. If the disease is not treated at an early stage with adequate self-care, the disease can give rise to a series of complications and cause enormous suffering on several levels.

Aim: The aim was to describe patients' experiences of self-care in diabetes type 2.

Method: A literature review according to Friberg's model with 10 scientific articles from the databases Cinahl Complete and PubMed. The articles selected were of qualitative design.

Results: The results revealed two main themes: Self-care and lifestyle changes and Support. Under the first main theme, three sub-themes emerged: Diet, Carrying out physical activity and Monitoring blood sugar. Under the second main theme, two subthemes emerged: Support from relatives and Professional support.

Summary: The literature review drew attention to the importance of support from          healthcare professionals and relatives. Healthcare professionals and relatives had an important role and could influence how well self-care was followed up. Obstacles and challenges regarding diet, physical activity and blood sugar measurement were also noted.​

Background: Patients in need of palliative care are extra vulnerable and the main focus of the care is holistic care to promote the quality of life of both the patient and their loved ones. Ethics is inescapable in a human care profession, which emphasizes that nurses have a professional ethical approach in order to be able to take responsibility and strive for the way that the patient is most served. The decision-making that the nurse makes in her daily work in palliative care is influenced by several different factors such as proven science, laws and guidelines, ethical codes and principles as well as the needs and wishes of the patient and relatives.

Aim: To highlight nurses' experiences of ethical challenges in palliative care.

Method: A structured literature review in which 14 scientific articles with a qualitative design were included. Thematic analysis based on Braun & Clark (2006) was used for data processing.

Results: The articles concern nurses in various forms of care such as inpatient care, nursing homes and home health care. The result presents four overarching themes with eight sub-themes: Challenges in meeting patient and next of kin demands: Good and dignified death for the patient, Different wishes between patient and next of kin, Patient and next of kin as a whole. Challenges in collaboration between different professions: Delayed initiation of palliative care, Care limitations. Challenges in the care organization: Lack of time and lack of continuity. Challenges in the nursing profession: Emotional burden, Insufficient symptom relief and lack of competence.

Conclusion: The results show that nurses often face extensive ethical challenges that affect their well-being and the quality of care. These challenges are linked to lack of resources, lack of time and insufficient skills, which hinder the ability to provide holistic care. In order to deal with these challenges, investments in continuous competence development and psychological support are needed. Specialist nurses should act as ethical advisors and mentors to increase ethical awareness and improve management strategies. Interprofessional collaboration and forums for ethical discussion can lead to more coordinated and patient-centered care. Strengthening nurses' knowledge and well-being is essential to ensure high-quality end-of-life care.

Background: Research shows that nursing staff lack or have little knowledge of palliative care, this is due to insufficient training and practice. It also highlights the experiences towards palliative care and death among nurses and nursing staff. Nurses need to provide support in palliative care to nursing staff within elderly care in various ways.

Aim: To describe nurses' experience giving support in palliative care to nursing staff within elderly care.

Method: A structured literature review with an inductive approach based on systematic principles.

Results: The results reveal three themes: nurses´ experience in education, nurses’ experience in preceptorship and nurses’ experiences in reflection. Nurses highlight experiences in theoretical and practice education, which contributes to nursing staff in giving palliative care with quality. Different examples of educational strategies are highlighted within preceptorship and reflection.

Conclusion: Nurses support in palliative care to nursing staff through education, preceptorship, and reflection, partly by practical teaching, are important in nursing staff’s personal and professional development. This literature review can contribute with knowledge and understanding for the need of support among nursing staff within palliative care.

Background: Stroke is a serious illness that results in a variety of physical and psychologicalcomplications. One third of stroke survivors suffer from depression. Often this type ofdepression goes unnoticed and untreated, affecting the individual's recovery and rehabilitation.However, depressive symptoms can be identified if the nurse has knowledge in this area. Thenurse's knowledge of the experiences of post-stroke depression enables faster identification andis of great importance for effective treatment.

Aim: The aim was to highlight the experiences ofpost-stroke depression.

Method: A systematic literature review that considered nine originalqualitative and quantitative articles. Thematic analysis was performed on the articles.

Results: The personal experiences of post-stroke depression were categorized under four themes:impaired physical functions and persistent fatigue, feelings of isolation and loneliness, cognitivechallenges and negative emotions, and altered self-image and identity.

Conclusion: This literaturereview has contributed to a deeper understanding of the experiences of post-stroke depressionand identified important themes that can guide nursing practice and increase nurses' knowledge in this area. This literature review has also reinforced our belief in the importance of including patients experiences in research and care.

Background: The need for palliative care is large, both in Sweden and globally, and the need will continue to grow, among other things due to an aging population. Palliative care involves an approach that aims to provide increased quality of life for patients and their relatives in the final stages of life. These patients are found in most care facilities where nurses work and the nurse have a primary responsibility for end-of-life care. This place demands on professional knowledge as well as on personal and social competence.

Aim: The aim was to describe nurses’ experiences of caring for patients at the end of life.

Method: The choice of method has been based on a literature review. It was carried out through search, selection and an analysis of the scientific articles according to Friberg’s (2022) description. The articles were retrieved from the databases Cinahl Complete and PubMed.

Results: The result included eleven qualitative studies and the analysis resulted in five theme areas: Getting to know and creating well-being for the patient, Supporting relatives and promoting participation, Emotional experiences of caring for patients at the end of life, Lack of cooperation and other obstacles in palliative care and The need for teamwork and support from colleagues.

Conclusions: From the results and with the support of Jean Watson’s theory of human care, it emerged the nurses need to find sustainable strategies to deal with the difficulties end-of-life care can entail, in which the health organization has a great responsibility. There needs to be time set aside for reflection, guidance and recovery. This can create the conditions for the good, quality care that all people should be entitled to in their last days of life.

Background: The Covid-19-pandemic caused by the Sars-Cov-2-virus constituted a significant challenge for the world. In particular the healthcare systems were affected during its course. Nurses working within inpatient care were especially vulnerable and might have had several different experiences, which could be either negative or positive. These experiences are valuable and worth analyzing in order to be better prepared for forthcoming pandemics.

Aim: To analyze nurses´experiences in inpatient care during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Method: A literary overview conducted in accordance with the method of Friberg. Eleven qualitative original articles were selected from the databases PubMed and Cinahl Complete and analyzed.

Results: Three main themes were identified which were: Fear, uncertainty and nurses experiences related to the profession.

Conclusions: Fear was a dominant experience among nurses and took a variety of forms. Nurses also experience uncertainty related to the unclear state of knowledge, changing information, their own competence and due to a shortage of materials and other staff. Nurses experienced both positive and negative emotions in relation to their profession. Preparation in the form of eduaction for both nurses and the general public, well-thought-out routines and guidelines as well as improved stockpiling of protective equipment is essential to reduce the negative effects of future pandemics.

Background: As globalization around the world grows, it has led to an increase in the diversity of society. More and more intercultural conversations are taking place that require a functioning interaction between foreign-born patients and healthcare professionals. Lack of communication in the form of language barriers compose a risk for patient care and makes the possibility of quality care more difficult.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe foreign-born patients ́ experiences of language barriers in health care.

Method: A literature review based on eleven scientific articles.

Results: The result presents three main categories. These are consequence of language barriers, the importance of effective communication and interpreters in healthcare.

Summary: The literature review has shown that language barriers made it difficult for patients and healthcare professionals to have a caring relationship. One consequence of this was that the transfer of information broke down and patients were left unaware of their healthcare situation. Other difficulties highlighted were correlated with emotional, negative and cultural elements. The use of interpreters to support communication was also mentioned, which was experienced both positively and negatively. Showing care to patients who do not know the common language is the key to good care. Respect and understanding of patients' different cultures is a central part of person-centered nursing.

Syftet med denna uppsats skriven i livsåskådningsforskning under ämnet systematisk teologi, är att generera kunskap om vad som skiljer upplevelsen av bönen Fader vår, egenformulerad bön och bön genererad via artificiell intelligens (AI). Relationen mellan människa och maskin, andlighet och teknologi studeras med särskilt fokus på hur AI kan komma att påverka upplevelsen av den kristna praktiken bön.

Uppsatsen ämnar besvara följande forskningsfråga: Hur skiljer sig upplevelsen av att be en egenformulerad bön, en personligt anpassad AI-bön och att be Fader vår?

Metoden för studien är att tio intervjupersoner genomfört en övning under fem dagar där man bett på tre sätt. För det första har deltagarna bett den traditionella bönen Fader vår, för det andra har man bett egenformulerad bön och för det tredje har man bett med hjälp av ett AI-verktyg. Efter en introduktion har var och en av deltagarna genomfört övningen och fört egna noteringar över sina upplevelser. När övningen genomförts har enskilda intervjuer genomförts. Resultatet har dokumenterats och förts in i uppsatsen och därefter analyserats och diskuterats. Det kan konstateras att deltagarna, som alla har frikyrklig bakgrund, har haft allra störst vana vid den egenformulerade bönen. Bönen Fader vår har funnits med deltagarna under varierande del av deras liv om än inte så självklart i den personliga andakten och den AI-stödda bönen har för samtliga deltagare först skett i samband med denna studie.

Slutsatsen av uppsatsen ger vid handen att upplevelsen av bön med hjälp av artificiell intelligens kan leda i en imaginär och individualiserad riktning vad gäller framtida utlevnad av bön och andlighet.

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there is a stereotype of the elderly being granted their appeal to retirement homes. This will be conducted with the help of a targeted qualitative content analysis where the texts that will be analyzed are verdicts from the Administrative Court where older people have appealed their denied request for assistance. Based on theories on “making age” and perspectives on power, empirical material was analyzed. The analysis was conducted by searching for meaning-bearing parts of the text, sentences that contain relevant information to be able to answer the purpose of the study. These codes were then divided into categories, to be further divided into different themes that were finally analyzed through theory and with previous research. The study reveals that it is in fact difficult to discern a stereotype of the elderly who gets approval of their appeal. This conclusion is drawn due to categories that seems to differ both between different approvals and different refusals, but also between rejection and approval. Based on this, it did not seem to be any certain characteristics that the elder should, or should not have in order to be granted approval of special housing. This does not necessarily mean that this stereotype does not exist, it simply means that it has not been discernible in the empirical material used in this essay. Based on the theoretical concepts and the research used in the study, a plausible conclusion is instead that the development assistance administrators make arbitrary decisions based on the framework that is set by the organization in the form of municipal guidelines and current legislation. The investigation that the social workers write about the elderly then forms part of the basis in the Administrative Courts judgement, and it is this part that is of interest for this study.

Background: Stroke is a disease that affects many people worldwide. Having a stroke can have numerous complications, including extended hospitalizations, increased medical costs, difficulty recovering, and evendeath in the most extreme cases.

Aim: The aim is to describe how people with residual complications after a stroke experience in daily life.

Method: The research method was a literature review based on ten scientific qualitative articles. The articles were searched in two databases, CINHALComplete and PubMed. With the keywords Complications, Experiences, Everyday life, Individuality and Stroke. The articles were analyzed in four steps where similarities and differences were categorized and thematized.

Results: As part of the analysis, four main themes were identified; Experiences of a limited life, depicting how cognitive limitations are acknowledged as a problem in daily life. Experiences of fear of the future, describing how stroke is a traumaticsurprise that causes feelings of fear and hopelessness. Experiencing gratitude describing reflections on life after stroke despite previous abilities, and Lastly. Experiences of vital social support talking about the value of social supportand the role of family relationships.

Summary: The results of this literature review highlighted how not being able to perform everyday activities affected the participants' self-confidence, motivation, and patience. As a result of suffering a stroke, a significant change in life occurs. One of them was losing previous abilities and going through daily routines they described as disappointing. Despite the disappointment, the participants also had positive reflections on life despite mourning their former abilities.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer for women globally, about 20 women develop breast cancer every day and apart from radiotherapy is surgery the most common treatment for breast cancer. The most common form of surgery is mastectomy, which involves removing the entire breast. The procedure entails bodily changes that affect the woman's life in different ways.

Aim: The aim of this literature review was to highlight women's experiences after a mastectomy

Method: A literature review based on 11 qualitative articles taken from the databases PubMed and Cinahl Complete. The articles were analyzed according to Friberg's (2021) method. The results were reviewed and categorized based on similarities and differences.

Results: The content from the articles resulted in three main categories; A changed body which meant an impact on the woman's identity, mood and sexuality. Support from the environment can affect how the woman views her body and life in general. The path to acceptance Here it is described how the women found a path to acceptance over the new body through different strategies.

Summary: Body image changes for many women after undergone mastectomy and entails physical, psychological, and social challenges. It also affected the women's view of identity and femininity. Partners and relatives support was prerequisite for the women to accept their new bodies. The support of medical staff was perceived as important for the women. The nurse's knowledge and attitude have an important role in the process of handling the new situation linked to the changed body image

The purpose of this study was to examine the therapist's and the client's experiences of treatment directed at behaviour patterns that are criminally norm-breaking, where especially responsivity to treatment is considered based on the risk, need and responsivity principles. The study was based on an inductive qualitative approach with nine semi-structured interviews. Questions have been answered by five counsellors from the Swedish correctional service and by four ex-criminal men who have undergone various behaviour treatments to prevent recidivism. The interview material has been processed and analysed using Bronfenbrenner's developmental ecology model and Jönson's perspective approach. The results emphasize that causes of norm-breaking behaviour are often related to limited complex mechanisms such as upbringing conditions, unhealthy environments, scarce resources et cetera. These variables could increase the risk for the individual to continue with crime in adulthood. Other contributing factors can be a lack of schooling with exclusion as a consequence. It emerged from both counsellors and clients that neuropsychiatric diagnoses are an aggravating factor. Important identified aspect was the need for coordinated services. Clients that have multiple conditions struggle since each service provider only provide a service for their specialized area. This report concluded that the lack of collaboration between service providers effected the client on several levels. Service providers need to collaborate and be inclusive rather than exclusive. Clients that struggled with mental health issues and addiction was excluded since the mental health service does not address the drug issue and vice versa. Client needs and conditions should be the primary focus rather than a way out for the service provider. The report identified several levels of challenges whereby clients were marginalized and excluded because of several multiple conditions. Different service provider needs to attend to clients’ needs regardless of other demands, this way services would be more permissive and clients would adhere which would increase the collaborations between service providers. Different diagnoses, psychological problems together with addiction and focus on the individual's needs and conditions would make the services more available and easier to access. In accordance to counsellors and clients the study concludes that successful changes in behavioural patterns are several but recurrent issues that emerged in the first level was awareness, self-awareness and focus on a mutual interaction, reciprocate relations then trust and responsivity increase.

Background: In the future, the population´s care needs will increase. To meet this increased need for care, care is changing to “good and close care”. Through increased legislation and the shift to “good and close care”, the requirements for collaboration have been tightened and have also given the district nurse and primary care a prominent role when it comes to collaboration between the different care providers for the patient´s continued care. A well-working information transfer between the different care providers is an important part of good collaboration and so is communication between the health care staff in the different operations. A lack of cooperation may lead to readmission to hospital, which results in a risk of medical damage and increased costs for society.

Aim: The aim was to shed light on the healthcare staff's experiences of collaboration when discharging patients from inpatient care who need interventions from primary care.

Method: The method was a qualitative literature study with a systematic approach. The databases used for article searches were PubMed, Cinahl Complete, Psych Info and MEDLINE. Fifteen qualitative articles have been reviewed and analyzed using Burnard’s nine-step method.

Results: The result shows three themes with six categories. These themes were information transfer essential for good collaboration, understanding of each other’s work for better collaboration and changed organizational conditions a challenge for collaboration.

Conclusion: The healthcare staff have both positive and negative experiences of collaboration when patients are discharged from inpatient care to primary care. Lack of information transfer leads to patients not receiving the care they need. Personal contact between the healthcare staff was perceived to improve information transfer. Lack of understanding of each other’s roles was found to have a negative effect on cooperation. Personal relationships across organizational boundaries, on the other hand, were found to promote collaboration. To start cooperation in time, clear routines for discharge planning are requested within the different organizations.

Bakgrund: Den palliativa vården bygger på förhållningssätt som syftar till att förbättra livskvaliteten och lindra lidande för personer med obotlig och livshotande sjukdom. Palliativ vård utgår från fyra hörnstenar såsom symtomlindring, kommunikation och relation, teamarbete och närstående. Närstående är en person som den enskilde anser sig ha en relation till, exempelvis mor, far, partner, vän och barn. Som minderåriga barn räknas alla människor mellan 0-18 år. Barnens rättigheter som närstående beskrivs och regleras i olika lagtexter. Att en förälder är livshotande sjuk kan vara påfrestande och utmanade då barnens liv påverkas fundamentalt. 

Syfte: Att ur barnens perspektiv beskriva deras behov som närstående i palliativ vård.

Metod: Litteraturöversikt baserad på vetenskapliga artiklar publicerade mellan år 2000 – 2022 Analysen är gjord med induktiv ansats av tolv kvalitativa artiklar med Bowlbys anknytningsteori som teoretiskt ramverk.

Resultat: Resultaten i litteraturöversikten baseras på de fynd som framkommit i tolv forskningsartiklar, vilka alla ur barnens perspektiv beskrivit barns behov som närstående till en förälder med palliativa vårdbehov. Barnen uttryckte behov av sanningsenlig och kontinuerlig information samt att få känna sig delaktiga i situationen. De beskrev även utökade behov av bekräftelse genom empatiskt bemötande av vänner och trygga vuxna. Barnen uppgav att de ville ha omedelbart stöd när behov uppstod samt egna funktionella strategier för att upprätthålla känsla av normalitet i situationen.

Slutsats: Barn till föräldrar som drabbats av livshotande sjukdom hanterar situationen på olika sätt och har behov av stöd. I denna litteraturöversikt framkom att föräldrarna har en central roll att informera och få barnen att känna delaktighet. Sjuksköterskan har tillsammans med skolan och övrigt nätverk runt barnet en viktig uppgift för att främja öppen kommunikation i familjen. Öppen kommunikation och barnens involvering från tidigt skede av förälderns sjukdom är att föredra trots barnens reaktioner.

Presentationen kommer att fokusera familj och närstående och hur vården kan arbeta för att möta behov av stöd samt se till närståendes egen kraft och resurser. Hur är det att vara närstående till en person med palliativa vårdbehov? Hur vet vi vilka som behöver stöd, vilken typ av stöd och när och vad kan vi göra?

Background When a person is under psychiatric involuntary care, the individual's right to self-determination is restricted. Patients subject to involuntary care often have complex psychiatric conditions that require special attention to protect both the patient themselves and others from potential harm. This type of care may be necessary for individuals who currently lack decision-making capacity. Previous research indicates that patients' experiences of involuntary hospitalization should be considered and explored to improve care practices.

Aim To describe patients' experiences of involuntary treatment within psychiatric treatment.

Method A systematic literature review was conducted. Data was collected through Cinahl Complete and PubMed. The selection consisted of eleven qualitative and quantitative scientific original articles published between 2009 and 2024. The material was thematized, and then the results were discussed in relation to the theory of autonomy according to Beauchamp and Childress' definition.

Results The results consist of three themes: Perceived lack of autonomy, experienced compulsory care can change the attitude and experiences of the care relationship. Patients in psychiatric involuntary care often experience a lack of autonomy, primarily associated with insufficient information and negative experiences of coercive measures. Many feel ignored and misunderstood by staff. Those who are subjected to multiple coercive measures or have poor experiences tend to develop a negative view of psychiatry.

Summary It emerged that patients in involuntary treatment usually experience negative effects, such as loss of autonomy and inadequate communication. These feelings of discomfort tended not to be adequately addressed. To avoid such negative experiences, organizational deficiencies need to be addressed through increased knowledge and awareness.

Background: Obesity is a growing problem worldwide, which increases the risk of, among other things, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The onset of obesity is affected by various factors such as the environment, genetics and lifestyle. The nurse's task is to provide equal care with respect for the equal value of human beings. Studies show that people with obesity avoid care due to fear of poor treatment.

Aim: The aim was to describe nurses' attitudes towards adult patients with obesity.

Method: General literature review with nine quantitative and one qualitative article, which were found through database searches in PubMed, Cinahl complete and PsychInfo. The data analysis was performed in four steps according to Friberg's method.

Results: Five themes emerged from the results: prejudices and stereotypical perceptions, knowledge about factors, causation and weight control of obesity, attitudes related to demographic factors, nurses' own weight and body perception, attitudes in nursing care.

Summary: Obesity is a complex disease that is affected by a number of factors. A simplified explanation of the etiology of obesity leads to more prejudice. Awareness about society's norms about health and body images, may help nurses to discover their own prejudices. Education can give nurses more knowledge, which may affect their attitudes. An ethical discussion whether responsibility and controllability is placed on individuals or society is important so that nurses sets reasonable goals for the patients.

At the beginning of the 20th century, a range of new laws concerning children and- youths in Sweden were enacted. An effect of the laws was that 15 to 18-year-oldboys and girls facing prosecution could get their sentences transformed into time spent at a reformatory. However, while the state established public reformatories for boys, girls were sent to Viebäckhemmen, a reformatory that was run by a religious organization; the Swedish Deaconess Institute. Given that the state organized different solutions for boys and girls during this period, the aim of this thesis is in part to analyze how gender impacted social policy. Theories on the private and public are used as a theoretical framework, as well as theories on how gender impacts the social contract and how the social contract impacts gendernotions. By incorporating the history of early social work in the field of civil society research, as well as adding a gender perspective, the thesis discusses how and why the logics within civil society were considered more suitable for the upbringing and re-education of girls. The study draws from a wide range of sources. Government documents and correspondence between the state and the organization provide a timeline for the reformatory, while other archival materials such as internal documents, court records, journals, and letters provide an insight into the daily life at Viebäckhemmen. The first part of the thesis focuses on the relationship and negotiations between state and organization, while the second part focuses on the women that populated the institution, where the concept of“caring power” is used to describe the relationship between girls and deaconesses.

Det brandskadeförebyggande arbetet är strukturerat som ett samarbete mellan olika samhällsaktörer, enskilda individer och lokal- och civilsamhällen. En förutsättning för ett framgångsrikt samarbete är att de olika aktörerna genomför sina beskärda delar – och att det finns ett förtroende för att de andra aktörerna kommer genomföra sina. 

Studien visar att det sker en medveten eller omedveten, växeldragning mellan individers personliga brandskydd och samhällets brandskydd, där individers brandskydd påverkas av det samhälleliga skyddet. Det finns potential att utnyttja civilsamhället för att kompensera för individers bristande brandskydd, liksom samhällets bristande förmåga. Idag är inte den typen av samverkan särskilt välutvecklad – man verkar från räddningstjänstens sida se civilsamhällesaktörer som resurser vid större händelser (som skogsbrand), men inte vid prevention av bostadsbränder.

Rapporten Tilliten till det svenska samhällskontraktet, skriven av Rebecka Andersenoch Lars Trägårdh, är ett viktigt bidrag från Fores till det alltför begränsade forskningsområdet om tillit.

Rapportens viktigaste slutsats är att Sveriges tillitsproblem i allra högsta grad är lokal, men riskerar att spilla över på det nationella om problemen förblir olösta. För att stärka lokalsamhälletilliten krävs det av politiken att säkra den fysiska närvaron av välfärdsinstitutioner över hela Sverige. Det gäller i synnerhet polisnärvaron som är central för människors känsla av trygghet. Studieresultaten visar nämligen att svenskarnas uppfattade trygghet och tillit är mycket starkt sammankopplat.

Tilliten till det svenska samhällskontraktet bidrar även med ett unikt Välfärdstillgänglighetsindex, respektive Välfärdsförtroendeindex, som i sin tur delas upp i fyra underkategorier: sjukvård, utbildning, äldreomsorg och polisväsende/trygghet. Rapporten tillför en översyn av välfärdssverige genom data från 49 kommuner, från Kiruna i norr till Malmö i syd.

Resultaten visar också att:

• Pessimismen om tillitens tillstånd är värre än dess faktiska tillstånd
• Känslan av trygghet har minskat sedan Tillitsbarometern började mäta år 2009 –och det spiller delvis över på lokalsamhälletilliten
• Upplevd tillgänglighet till välfärdstjänster stämmer inte överens med den faktiska tillgängligheten
• Faktisk tillgänglighet till välfärdstjänster påverkar inte tilliten – men upplevd tillgänglighet gör det
• Tilliten till välfärden är generellt lite högre i större tätorter, jämfört med storstäder och landsbygd
• Tilliten till äldrevården är märkbart högre i mindre tätorter
• Lokalt förtroende för grundskola och äldrevård påverkar tydligt lokalsamhälletilliten, medan sambandet mellan tilliten till sjukvård och lokalsamhälletilliten är svårare att fastställa
• Socialdemokratiska kommunstyrelseordföranden uppfattar i högre grad kommunmedborgares förväntningar på välfärden som rimliga, jämfört med Moderaterna och Centerpartiet

I Personlig professionell utveckling för socionomer tar författarna ett grepp kring den livslånga lärandeprocess som kan ge blivande och yrkesverksamma socionomer förutsättningar att utveckla en hållbar yrkesroll samt en yrkesidentitet präglad av etisk medvetenhet och en personlig professionalitet. 

Ett vanligt budskap inom socionomens profession är vikten av att vara professionell, möjligen personlig, men aldrig privat. Författarna menar att detta delvis är ett missförstånd, att många tror sig behöva bli opersonliga eller spela en roll som professionell. För att skapa ett såväl personligt som professionellt bemötande behöver man arbeta med sin självkännedom, sin empatiska förmåga och med att utveckla en etisk medvetenhet.

Författarna kombinerar teoretiska resonemang med olika reflektionsövningar för att uppmuntra läsaren till eftertanke kring de teman boken behandlar; viljan att utvecklas, självkännedom, empatisk förmåga, etiskt bemötande samt strategier för att hålla som socionom. Det handlar om att hur man som socionom kan smälta samman sin personlighet med sin professionella roll. Ja, att vara sig själv som socionom. 

Boken vänder sig till såväl socionomstudenter som till yrkesverksamma socionomer samt till andra inom socialt arbete och människovårdande yrken.

Background: A palliative approach is a requirement for being able to provide palliative care where there is a need and should facilitate the challenges that the people and their relatives confronts with serious illness. Nursing based on a palliative approach clarifies the patients need for actions that increases their quality of life and reduce suffering of seriously ill people. Nurses´ nursing competence is a significant part of palliative care. Chronical seriously ill people live longer today and receive care at home thru the community home healthcare nurses. 

Aim: The aim was to describe the community home healthcare nurses´ experiences of integration of a palliative approach for people with serious chronic illness in their home.

Method:A literature review in which 13 original articles were analyzed using a structured thematic analysis according to Bettany-Saltikov and McSherry (2016).

Results: The results were compiled into three main themes with sub-themes. Leading was the first theme and included three sub-themes: responsibility, knowledge and stress. Environment was the second main theme and included three sub-themes: the structure of care, collaboration and the home. The third theme was Being present and included two sub-themes: communication and support and relationship. 

Conclusion: Community nurses in home healthcare have a significant role in integrating a palliative approach where good communication is necessary. There is a need for competence development and supervision in palliative care for nurses in community home healthcare and a need for improved cooperation between different care providers.