Background: Alzheimer is a disease that affects cognitively. People with Alzheimer's have difficulties with communication, taking in information and their daily routines. This in turn, leads to the person needing support in their daily life.

Aim: The aim was to describe loved one's experiences of caring for a relative with Alzheimer's disease.

Method: This was a qualitative literature review based on nine scientific articles retrieved from the databases PubMed and Cinahl Complete.

Results: The analysis resulted in four themes: Experiences of care-taking of the sick one showing that relatives do not have experiences which caused stress. Difficulties to balance their daily life, showing that relatives found it difficult to balance between their social life and the care for their loved one. Lack of knowledge resulting in difficulties in caring for their loved one. Lack of own time and recovery resulting in no time to recover, which in turn caused negative health effects. Others, on the other hand, described a sense of purpose in caring for the relative.

Summary: Individuals who care for a relative with Alzheimer’s disease have strong feelings and need a lot of support from different professions and society. Knowledge, communication and trust can create a better quality of life for relatives caring for a loved one. 

Violence against women is an issue affecting women worldwide. Due to the high rates of women exposed to intimate partner violence, it is nearly impossible not to meet them in everyday nursing practice. Intimate partner violence is complex since it concerns physical violence as well as emotional, sexual, financial, and material aspects of abuse. Some women go to seek medical attention and herein lies the responsibility of the nurse to respond. Whilst many countries have handbooks or guidelines on how to support women exposed to intimate partner violence, nurses may encounter challenges in supporting these women in practice. This is particularly challenging in Jamaica, where there are reportedly high rates of intimate partner violence, but where various factors including limited resources and social and cultural norms, may limit the opportunities for nurses to support women exposed to intimate partner violence. Due to limited earlier research on the topic in Jamaica, there is a need for increased knowledge and understanding about how nurses in Kingston, Jamaica experienced the care they provide and how it affects them. 

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the attitudes, practices and work-related experiences among Swedish physicians regarding the referral process, integration and transition between oncology care and palliative care (PC).

METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey was performed with a study-specific questionnaire in 2016-2017 in south-eastern Sweden. Physicians working with cancer patients within surgical specialties, medical specialties and paediatric oncology participated.

RESULTS: The vast majority of the 130 participating physicians (99.2%) stated that PC was beneficial for the patient and were positive about early integration of PC (65.5%). Still, only 27.6% of the participants introduced PC at an early stage of non-curable disease. However, paediatric oncologists had a very early introduction of PC in comparison with medical specialties (p = 0.004). Almost 90% of the study population said they wanted to know that the patient had been taken care of by another care facility.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite the physicians' positive attitude towards early integration and referral to PC, they often acted late in the disease trajectory. This late approach can reduce the patient's opportunity of improving quality of life during severe circumstances. There is a need for in-depth knowledge of the physicians' challenges in order to bridge the gap between intentions and actions.

Background: In previous studies, we investigated the effects of a care manager intervention for patients with depression treated in primary health care. At 6 months, care management improved depressive symptoms, remission, return to work, and adherence to anti-depressive medication more than care as usual. The aim of this study was to compare the long-term effectiveness of care management and usual care for primary care patients with depression on depressive symptoms, remission, quality of life, self-efficacy, confidence in care, and quality of care 12 and 24 months after the start of the intervention.

Methods: Cluster randomized controlled trial that included 23 primary care centers (11 intervention, 12 control) in the regions of Västra Götaland and Dalarna, Sweden. Patients ≥ 18 years with newly diagnosed mild to moderate depression (n = 376: 192 intervention, 184 control) were included. Patients at intervention centers co-developed astructured depression care plan with a care manager. Via 6 to 8 telephone contacts over 12 weeks, the care manager followed up symptoms and treatment, encouraged behavioral activation, provided education, and communicated with the patient’s general practitioner as needed. Patients at control centers received usual care. Adjusted mixed model repeated measure analysis was conducted on data gathered at 12 and 24 months on depressive symptoms and remission (MADRS-S); quality of life (EQ5D); and self-efficacy, confidence in care, and quality of care (study-specific questionnaire).

Results: The intervention group had less severe depressive symptoms than the control group at 12 (P = 0.02) but not 24 months (P = 0.83). They reported higher quality of life at 12 (P = 0.01) but not 24 months (P = 0.88). Differences in remission and self-efficacy were not significant, but patients in the intervention group were more confident that they could get information (53% vs 38%; P = 0.02) and professional emotional support (51% vs 40%; P = 0.05) from the primary care center.

Conclusions: Patients with depression who had a care manager maintained their 6-month improvements in symptoms at the 12- and 24-month follow-ups. Without a care manager, recovery could take up to 24 months. Patients with care managers also had significantly more confidence in primary care and belief in future support than controls.

I Sverige lever över 10 000 barn med skyddade personuppgifter på grund av hot och våld. För barn och ungdomar som tvingas leva gömda kan skolan vara en tillflyktsort i en annars kaotisk värld.

Inrätta en nationell handlingsplan som säkerställer skydd, stöd och stadigvarande boende för våldsutsatta oavsett kommun, föreslår forskare i ett projekt om kvinnor i hemlöshet.

Sveriges myndigheter och kommuner måste sluta nöja sig med att kvinnor förvaras på skyddat boende under obestämd tid. Josefine Agius och Elisabet Mattsson uppmanar Sveriges myndigheter och kommuner att prioritera rätt i regeringens åtgärdspaket.

För kvinnor utan fast bostad är det omöjligt att få traumabehandling, eftersom en stabil vardag är ett krav, skriver Josefine Agius, Elisabet Mattsson och Woman Advisory Board.

Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) suffer from impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study aimed to determine the level of HRQoL, sense of coherence (SOC), and self-efficacy (SE) in a sample of SCD patients, and to explore predictors of their physical and mental HRQoL. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 83 SCD patients of one university hospital. The data of the study was collected through Persian versions of the Short-Form Health Survey SF-36 (RAND 36-item), the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13), and the Sickle Cell Self-Efficacy Scale (SCSES). The mean age of the patients was 26.34 ± 8.19 years old. Patients' mean scores for the Physical Component Summary (PCS), Mental Component Summary (MCS), SOC, and SCSES were 40.57 ± 17.18 (range: 0-100), 50.44 ± 17.95 (range: 0-100), 52.40 ± 15.35 (range: 13-91), 26.40 ± 6.96 (range: 9-45), respectively. Regression models showed that the level of the patients' SOC, was the main predictor of the MCS (β = 0.37, p < 0.001). However, the level of the patients' SE was the main predictor of the PCS (β = 0.30, p = 0.004). Also, "blood transfusion history" in patients was a common predictor for both the PCS (β =  - 0.28, p = 0.008) and the MCS (β =  - 0.29, p = 0.003). These results can assist nurses and clinicians to plan clinical interventions for SCD patients by focusing on increasing the level of the SOC and SE and improving SCD patients' HRQoL. Furthermore, measuring the level of the SOC and self-efficacy as screening tests are useful to find patients with a greater risk of impaired HRQoL.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer affecting women worldwide. Mastectomy is a common surgical treatment and means that a part or the whole breast is removed. The bodily change combined with the ideals of society affects a person´s identity and self-image. The goal with the nursing is to support and strengthen a patient´s health processes. Person-centered care promotes health and a prerequisite to implement it is that the nurse understands the patient´s lifeworld.

Aim: The aim of this literature review was to describe women´s experiences after undergoing a mastectomy for breastcancer.

Method: A literature review based on twelve qualitative articles,

Results: The results of the literature review were presented in three themes. The themes included “Reactions to the changed body”, “Changed relationships and sexuality” and “Support and coping”.

Summary: Mastectomy does not only cause a physical loss, it also affects women mentally, socially and sexually. Women experienced a changed identityand self-image, associated with these changes. This combined with society's ideals of a woman, can possibly make their adaptation more difficult.

Background: Diabetes type 2 is a growing public health care both in Sweden and the rest of the world. In type 2 diabetes, the body has difficulty keeping the sugar level in the blood low enough. Type 2 diabetes that is not under control can create serious diabetes complications. Since self-care is the most important part of the treatment and the patient has the greatest responsibility for self-care, the nurse has an important role to provide, through individually adapted communication and information, the support and advice the patient needs to carry out self-care.

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe persons’ experiences of self-care in type 2 diabetes

Method: A literature review has been carried out based on ten qualitative scientific articles. The databasens PubMed and Cinahl Complete were used for the collection of outcome articles. The articles were analyzed to create common themes.

Results: The results are presented in four main themes: Difficulties in changing dietary habits, Difficulties in changing habits around physical activity, The professional support, Support from relatives.

Summary: The literature rewiew showed that persons with type 2 diabetes lacked individually adapted information and hade negative experiences from care meetings. To maintain healty lifestyle habits was perceived as time-consuming and complicated. Persons with type 2 diabetes need support and information adapted to their needs for to carry out self-care routines.

AIM: The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of parents handling oral anticancer drugs in a home setting.

METHODS: Parents of children with cancer were recruited from a paediatric oncology ward in Sweden to participate in an interview. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and subjected to qualitative content analysis.

RESULTS: We found the following categories and subcategories: parents' views on the provided information-lack of, too little or contradictory information, and parents' preferences for information delivery; safety over time; correct drug dose; and drug administration. As time passed, most parents adapted to their child's illness, felt safer and found it easier to take in and process any given information. Parents preferred information in different formats (written, movie clips and orally) and in their mother tongue. Many parents were aware of the importance of giving an accurate dose to their child and described the process of drug administration as overwhelming.

CONCLUSION: Parents need to be provided with accurate, timely, nonconflicting and repeated information-in different forms and in their mother tongue-on how to handle oral anticancer drugs at home.

Background: LGBTQI people are a vulnerable minority who have historically been oppressed by society. Studies showed that many LGBTQI people face discrimination, prejudice, and stigmatization both in everyday life and in contact with healthcare, which lead to psychological problems such as depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts, and suicide attempts. LGBTQI people talked about fears of being rejected. The role of the nurse is to promote health, restore health, prevent disease, and relieve suffering.

Aim: To illustrate nurses' and nursing students' LGBTQI knowledge to care for LGBTQI people.

Method: A literature review based on the results of ten scientific articles, of which four were qualitative, five quantitative and one from a mixed method.

Results: The results are reported under three themes: “Knowledge levels; perceived and measurable”, “Consequences of lack of knowledge, feelings and attitudes” and “Communication with LGBTQI people”. The first theme showed a pervasive lack of LGBTQI knowledge around caring for LGBTQI people among nurses and nursing students. The second theme showed that a lack of knowledge was associated with negative attitudes and feelings of discomfort, which led to consequences for the care of LGBTQI people. The third theme showed that a lack of knowledge also meant a lack of understanding over how to communicate with LGBTQI people as a nurse or nursing student.

Summary: The result of this literature review showed that nurses and nursing students had both a perceived and measurable lack of LGBTQI knowledge over caring for LGBTQI people. The LGBTQI knowledge that was missing was relevant terminology, information about health and understanding of how to communicate with LGBTQI people. Other themes that came up in the results were the influence of feelings and attitudes towards LGBTQI people. Lack of LGBTQI knowledge is partly a consequence of a lack of LGBTQI focus in the curriculum for nursing education.

Background: Until 2050, the global population over 60 years old is expected to double, and the number of people over 80 years old is expected to triple. The UN launched a program for healthy aging (2021–2030) to reduce health disparities and improve the quality of life for older people. Older individuals increasingly want to age in their own homes, as home represents an important aspect of their security and freedom. Pets, especially dogs and cats, are becoming more common in the home environment. Nurses play a crucial role in home healthcare by understanding the significance of pets and providing high-quality person-centered care.

Aim: The purpose was to describe the significance of pets for the health of elderly people living at home.

Method: A literature review based on ten scientific articles. The search was conducted in databases such as Cinahl Complete and PubMed. Friberg's analytical model was utilize.

Results: The results showed that the health of elderly people was positively influenced by pets. For example, owning a pet can increase physical activity and improve health behaviors, boost self-esteem, provide love and comfort, as well as increase social interactions, and reduce social isolation and loneliness. The study also mentioned some challenges and risks associated with pet ownership, such as concerns about financial costs, worries about the pet's future if the owner is unable to care for them, the risk of falls, and the need för an adapted living environment for both the owner and the pet.    

Conclusions: Pets can have a positive impact on the health and well-being of elderly people. It is important for nurses to consider this knowledge and utilize it in their work to promote the health of elderly people and prevent illness through pet-related activities and interventions.

Background: Diabetes mellitus type II (DMT2) is a public health problem that has increased throughout the world. Around 422 million people worldwide are affected by the disease. In Sweden, there are approximately 500,000 people who have a DMT2 diagnosis. Self-Care is an important part of the treatment.

Aim: To describe patients' experiences of self-care in type II diabetes mellitus.Method:A literature review based on ten qualitative scientific articles, retrieved from the databases Cinhal complete and PubMed. The literature review has been analyzed on the basis of Friberg's model. 

Results: The results are presented in three main themes: "New lifestyles", "Need for support" and "Knowledge and information". 

Summary: Many patients felt that it was a challenge to perform self-care as it involves a lot of sacrifice, knowledge, motivation, and support in self-care.

Background: Diabetes type 2 is today a public disease in Sweden and around the world, where the number of sufferers is expected to increase to 643 million in 2030. If the disease is not treated at an early stage with adequate self-care, the disease can give rise to a series of complications and cause enormous suffering on several levels.

Aim: The aim was to describe patients' experiences of self-care in diabetes type 2.

Method: A literature review according to Friberg's model with 10 scientific articles from the databases Cinahl Complete and PubMed. The articles selected were of qualitative design.

Results: The results revealed two main themes: Self-care and lifestyle changes and Support. Under the first main theme, three sub-themes emerged: Diet, Carrying out physical activity and Monitoring blood sugar. Under the second main theme, two subthemes emerged: Support from relatives and Professional support.

Summary: The literature review drew attention to the importance of support from          healthcare professionals and relatives. Healthcare professionals and relatives had an important role and could influence how well self-care was followed up. Obstacles and challenges regarding diet, physical activity and blood sugar measurement were also noted.​

Background: Stroke is a serious illness that results in a variety of physical and psychologicalcomplications. One third of stroke survivors suffer from depression. Often this type ofdepression goes unnoticed and untreated, affecting the individual's recovery and rehabilitation.However, depressive symptoms can be identified if the nurse has knowledge in this area. Thenurse's knowledge of the experiences of post-stroke depression enables faster identification andis of great importance for effective treatment.

Aim: The aim was to highlight the experiences ofpost-stroke depression.

Method: A systematic literature review that considered nine originalqualitative and quantitative articles. Thematic analysis was performed on the articles.

Results: The personal experiences of post-stroke depression were categorized under four themes:impaired physical functions and persistent fatigue, feelings of isolation and loneliness, cognitivechallenges and negative emotions, and altered self-image and identity.

Conclusion: This literaturereview has contributed to a deeper understanding of the experiences of post-stroke depressionand identified important themes that can guide nursing practice and increase nurses' knowledge in this area. This literature review has also reinforced our belief in the importance of including patients experiences in research and care.

Background: As globalization around the world grows, it has led to an increase in the diversity of society. More and more intercultural conversations are taking place that require a functioning interaction between foreign-born patients and healthcare professionals. Lack of communication in the form of language barriers compose a risk for patient care and makes the possibility of quality care more difficult.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe foreign-born patients ́ experiences of language barriers in health care.

Method: A literature review based on eleven scientific articles.

Results: The result presents three main categories. These are consequence of language barriers, the importance of effective communication and interpreters in healthcare.

Summary: The literature review has shown that language barriers made it difficult for patients and healthcare professionals to have a caring relationship. One consequence of this was that the transfer of information broke down and patients were left unaware of their healthcare situation. Other difficulties highlighted were correlated with emotional, negative and cultural elements. The use of interpreters to support communication was also mentioned, which was experienced both positively and negatively. Showing care to patients who do not know the common language is the key to good care. Respect and understanding of patients' different cultures is a central part of person-centered nursing.

Background: Stroke is a disease that affects many people worldwide. Having a stroke can have numerous complications, including extended hospitalizations, increased medical costs, difficulty recovering, and evendeath in the most extreme cases.

Aim: The aim is to describe how people with residual complications after a stroke experience in daily life.

Method: The research method was a literature review based on ten scientific qualitative articles. The articles were searched in two databases, CINHALComplete and PubMed. With the keywords Complications, Experiences, Everyday life, Individuality and Stroke. The articles were analyzed in four steps where similarities and differences were categorized and thematized.

Results: As part of the analysis, four main themes were identified; Experiences of a limited life, depicting how cognitive limitations are acknowledged as a problem in daily life. Experiences of fear of the future, describing how stroke is a traumaticsurprise that causes feelings of fear and hopelessness. Experiencing gratitude describing reflections on life after stroke despite previous abilities, and Lastly. Experiences of vital social support talking about the value of social supportand the role of family relationships.

Summary: The results of this literature review highlighted how not being able to perform everyday activities affected the participants' self-confidence, motivation, and patience. As a result of suffering a stroke, a significant change in life occurs. One of them was losing previous abilities and going through daily routines they described as disappointing. Despite the disappointment, the participants also had positive reflections on life despite mourning their former abilities.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer for women globally, about 20 women develop breast cancer every day and apart from radiotherapy is surgery the most common treatment for breast cancer. The most common form of surgery is mastectomy, which involves removing the entire breast. The procedure entails bodily changes that affect the woman's life in different ways.

Aim: The aim of this literature review was to highlight women's experiences after a mastectomy

Method: A literature review based on 11 qualitative articles taken from the databases PubMed and Cinahl Complete. The articles were analyzed according to Friberg's (2021) method. The results were reviewed and categorized based on similarities and differences.

Results: The content from the articles resulted in three main categories; A changed body which meant an impact on the woman's identity, mood and sexuality. Support from the environment can affect how the woman views her body and life in general. The path to acceptance Here it is described how the women found a path to acceptance over the new body through different strategies.

Summary: Body image changes for many women after undergone mastectomy and entails physical, psychological, and social challenges. It also affected the women's view of identity and femininity. Partners and relatives support was prerequisite for the women to accept their new bodies. The support of medical staff was perceived as important for the women. The nurse's knowledge and attitude have an important role in the process of handling the new situation linked to the changed body image

Background: In the future, the population´s care needs will increase. To meet this increased need for care, care is changing to “good and close care”. Through increased legislation and the shift to “good and close care”, the requirements for collaboration have been tightened and have also given the district nurse and primary care a prominent role when it comes to collaboration between the different care providers for the patient´s continued care. A well-working information transfer between the different care providers is an important part of good collaboration and so is communication between the health care staff in the different operations. A lack of cooperation may lead to readmission to hospital, which results in a risk of medical damage and increased costs for society.

Aim: The aim was to shed light on the healthcare staff's experiences of collaboration when discharging patients from inpatient care who need interventions from primary care.

Method: The method was a qualitative literature study with a systematic approach. The databases used for article searches were PubMed, Cinahl Complete, Psych Info and MEDLINE. Fifteen qualitative articles have been reviewed and analyzed using Burnard’s nine-step method.

Results: The result shows three themes with six categories. These themes were information transfer essential for good collaboration, understanding of each other’s work for better collaboration and changed organizational conditions a challenge for collaboration.

Conclusion: The healthcare staff have both positive and negative experiences of collaboration when patients are discharged from inpatient care to primary care. Lack of information transfer leads to patients not receiving the care they need. Personal contact between the healthcare staff was perceived to improve information transfer. Lack of understanding of each other’s roles was found to have a negative effect on cooperation. Personal relationships across organizational boundaries, on the other hand, were found to promote collaboration. To start cooperation in time, clear routines for discharge planning are requested within the different organizations.

Bakgrund: Den palliativa vården bygger på förhållningssätt som syftar till att förbättra livskvaliteten och lindra lidande för personer med obotlig och livshotande sjukdom. Palliativ vård utgår från fyra hörnstenar såsom symtomlindring, kommunikation och relation, teamarbete och närstående. Närstående är en person som den enskilde anser sig ha en relation till, exempelvis mor, far, partner, vän och barn. Som minderåriga barn räknas alla människor mellan 0-18 år. Barnens rättigheter som närstående beskrivs och regleras i olika lagtexter. Att en förälder är livshotande sjuk kan vara påfrestande och utmanade då barnens liv påverkas fundamentalt. 

Syfte: Att ur barnens perspektiv beskriva deras behov som närstående i palliativ vård.

Metod: Litteraturöversikt baserad på vetenskapliga artiklar publicerade mellan år 2000 – 2022 Analysen är gjord med induktiv ansats av tolv kvalitativa artiklar med Bowlbys anknytningsteori som teoretiskt ramverk.

Resultat: Resultaten i litteraturöversikten baseras på de fynd som framkommit i tolv forskningsartiklar, vilka alla ur barnens perspektiv beskrivit barns behov som närstående till en förälder med palliativa vårdbehov. Barnen uttryckte behov av sanningsenlig och kontinuerlig information samt att få känna sig delaktiga i situationen. De beskrev även utökade behov av bekräftelse genom empatiskt bemötande av vänner och trygga vuxna. Barnen uppgav att de ville ha omedelbart stöd när behov uppstod samt egna funktionella strategier för att upprätthålla känsla av normalitet i situationen.

Slutsats: Barn till föräldrar som drabbats av livshotande sjukdom hanterar situationen på olika sätt och har behov av stöd. I denna litteraturöversikt framkom att föräldrarna har en central roll att informera och få barnen att känna delaktighet. Sjuksköterskan har tillsammans med skolan och övrigt nätverk runt barnet en viktig uppgift för att främja öppen kommunikation i familjen. Öppen kommunikation och barnens involvering från tidigt skede av förälderns sjukdom är att föredra trots barnens reaktioner.

Presentationen kommer att fokusera familj och närstående och hur vården kan arbeta för att möta behov av stöd samt se till närståendes egen kraft och resurser. Hur är det att vara närstående till en person med palliativa vårdbehov? Hur vet vi vilka som behöver stöd, vilken typ av stöd och när och vad kan vi göra?

Background: Obesity is a growing problem worldwide, which increases the risk of, among other things, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The onset of obesity is affected by various factors such as the environment, genetics and lifestyle. The nurse's task is to provide equal care with respect for the equal value of human beings. Studies show that people with obesity avoid care due to fear of poor treatment.

Aim: The aim was to describe nurses' attitudes towards adult patients with obesity.

Method: General literature review with nine quantitative and one qualitative article, which were found through database searches in PubMed, Cinahl complete and PsychInfo. The data analysis was performed in four steps according to Friberg's method.

Results: Five themes emerged from the results: prejudices and stereotypical perceptions, knowledge about factors, causation and weight control of obesity, attitudes related to demographic factors, nurses' own weight and body perception, attitudes in nursing care.

Summary: Obesity is a complex disease that is affected by a number of factors. A simplified explanation of the etiology of obesity leads to more prejudice. Awareness about society's norms about health and body images, may help nurses to discover their own prejudices. Education can give nurses more knowledge, which may affect their attitudes. An ethical discussion whether responsibility and controllability is placed on individuals or society is important so that nurses sets reasonable goals for the patients.

Background Violence against women in intimate relationships is a major global and national social problem, where women are more often exposed to more severe violence than men. Violence in close relationships can consist of pschological, sexual, physical, financial, digital and material violence. Women`s physical and psychosocial health is negatively affected. As a nurse, you need to be well prepared on how to deal with women affected by violence and support to promote health in the meeting with affected women.

Aim The aim of the literature review was to describe how nurses' experiences of encounter women who have suffered violence in close relationships.

Method The literature review is based on ten selected original scientific articles and the chosen articles are both qualitative and quantitative method. The data collection is carried out in Cinahl Complete, PubMed and PsycInfo.

Results The literature review led to three themes. The first theme was Deficiencies in organization and competence with associated sub-themes Lack of time, Lack of knowledge and Need for training regarding violence in close relationships. The results indicate that further education about violence is needed, as well as guidelines to deal with ignorance and unclear routines. Theme two reflects Dare to ask the question about violence with the sub-themes Relationship building, Asking about violence asa routine measure and Facilitating factors. Theme three concerns Emotional aspects of meeting women exposed to violence with the sub-themes The difficulty of maintaining the professional role and Asking the difficult question.

Summary The result in the literature review shows that nurse's competence in meeting with women who have been subjected to violence in close relationships was deficient. There was a lack of knowledge in nursing and unclear routines at organizational level. In the care meeting, the relationship and the dialogue regarding the issue of violence were central, and thus the time and place of the conversation were important to take into account. In order for the nurse in her profession to be able to perform adequate care, clear instructions and guidelines as well as ongoing training are needed. Nurses are emotionally affected in the meeting with affected women and nursing has better conditions to improve if they have a broader competence regarding when/how/where to ask questions about violence.

Bakgrund: Cancersjukdomar utgör idag den andra vanligaste dödsorsaken i världen. Ungefär en fjärdedel av de som drabbas av cancer kan inte botas. När en sjukdom eller skada är bortom bot övergår sjukvårdens inriktning i palliation som ämnar att främja livskvalitet och lindra lidande. Den palliativa vården utgår från en helhetssyn där närstående utgör en av de fyra hörnstenarna. När en familjemedlem är obotligt sjuk i cancer har närstående behov av att få information om bland annat sjukdomens prognos för att kunna förhålla sig till den förändrade livssituationen. Ett mål med att ge information om prognos är att öka förståelsen för sjukdomsförloppet. 

Sjuksköterskan har en central roll i närståendestöd och samtal om prognos.

Syfte: Att beskriva hur närstående till patienter med obotlig cancer upplever information om prognos.

Metod: Litteraturöversikt med induktiv ansats. Tre vetenskapliga databaser; Pub Med, CINAHL samt PsycInfo, användes för att hitta artiklar. Tretton artiklar med kvalitativ ansats, tre artiklar med kvantitativ ansats samt en med mixad metod inkluderades till resultatet. Tematisk innehållsanalys utfördes efter Braun & Clarkes analysmetod. 

Resultat: Resultatet presenteras under två kategorier “Ej förberedd på döden” samt “Betydande faktorer för information om prognos”. Resultatet visar att närstående fick otillräcklig information om sjukdomens prognos samt förväntat förlopp. De flesta önskade så mycket information om prognos som möjligt. Det framkom även att det var viktigt för närstående att få information tidigt och kontinuerligt men även om de komplikationer som kunde uppstå. Närstående önskade att information om prognos var tydlig och gavs i samtal där de blev tilltalade med ord som de förstod.

Slutsats: För att kunna ta vara på den sjukes sista tid i livet behöver närstående få en realistisk bild av prognos och sjukdomsförlopp. Genom att informationen anpassas individuellt kan det få positiva effekter på närståendes hälsa i den svåra situationen då välbefinnande och hopp stärks.

Background Dependency on drugs and alcohol is a major social problem worldwide, contributing to negative consequences for both the afflicted individuals and their loved ones. People with addiction have a higher prevalence of both physical and mental co-morbidities, making this group more frequently encountered by nurses and other healthcare professionals. Studies show that healthcare professionals view individuals with addiction as difficult to treat and satisfy in their care. According to the Health and Medical Services Act, healthcare providers are required to provide care to all individuals equally, and nurses have a responsibility to deliver equitable care to all those in need of nursing care.

Aim The purpose was to describe the experience of people with addiction disorders regarding the treatment they rave eceived from health care professionals.

Method Eleven qualitative scientific articles retrieved from the databases CINAHL and PubMed were summarized in a literature review. The article analysis was based on Friberg's analysis model.

Results The results indicated that the majority of the study participants had experienced stigmatizing treatment from healthcare professionals at some point. Insufficient knowledge was considered a contributing factor to stigmatizing encounters. However, participants also had experienced respectful and inclusive treatment, especially from staff working in spicialized addiction care.

Summary The stigmatization that participants witnessed was partly about being treated unfriendly, judged beforehand, not taken seriously but also being unwanted patients in health care settings. Participants also reported that health care professionals often knew too little about addiction disorder and could see addiction as a choice rather than a disease. Several participants also reported health care meetings characterized by respect and openness from health care professionals. This was achieved by involving participants in their care, feeling listened to, and being treated with compassion and empathy by healthcare professionals.

Background: Women exposed to violence is a growing global health problem. The violence can be expressed in various forms such as physical, psychological, sexual and financial violence. This means effects on the woman's health as well as societal costs. Since the nurse is the first profession in health and medical care that the women exposed to violence meet, it is important to have the right knowledge so that nurses are prepared and equipped to handle the meeting with women to support and promote health.

Aim: The aim was to explore and describe nurses' experiences of meeting women who have been subjected to violence.

Method: A literature review where 10 articles selected from CINAHL complete and PubMed were compiled and analyzed.

Results: The literature review resulted in three different themes: The emotional impact on the nurse: Where the meeting with the abused women aroused strong feelings and thoughts in the nurse. The nurse’s role in meeting with women exposed to violence: It emerged that the nurses perceived their professional role in different ways. Organizational factors that challenge the nurses’ response, which has two subthemes, lack of routines and lack of knowledge: What emerged here was the nurses were in need of organizational support regarding clear routines and training.

Summary: The literature review shows that the nurses experienced different barriers that affected them in their professional role. This resulted in challenges to being able to offer adequate care which is the nurse's responsibility. The nurses felt that they had difficulty letting go of the emotions created in the meeting with the abused women, which affected them in their private lives. The study also showed that the nurses' perception of what their professional role entails differed between them. Finally, an insecurity was also experienced among the nurses when it emerged that they lacked clear routines from the organization and knowledge in the form of training in intimate partner violence.

Background: Sexual violence is a global social problem. Women who are sexually assaulted affect their health and can lead to diseases later in life. Studies show that women experience a negative attitude from society when they seek help. The nurse has an important role in the treatment of the woman and a responsibility to guide them to good quality of life and a well-being in the absence of suffering. Through increased knowledge and understanding of women´s experiences can contribute to better support from the nurse.

Aim Purpose of this literature overview is to describe women´s experiences after being exposed to sexual abuse.

Method: Literature overview based on ten scientific articles which have been analyzed using Friberg’s analysis methodology. Databases CINAHL Complete and PsycInfo. Nine articles were qualitative and one was quantitative.

Results: The result has been summarized in three parts: Physical and mental symptoms and Women’s experiences handling trauma after sexuala buse and Women’s experiences of self-blame and society’s role. Subcategories: Identification, understanding acceptance and purpose and To tell and Shame and self-blaming and Stigma leading to social isolation

Summary: Woman who have been exposed to sexual abuse have a need to dare to talk about their trauma. Isolating oneself from the outside society affects woman both physically and mentally. Woman experienced a negative attitude from society, which affects them to not dare to tell. Different strategies emerged to be able to function in everyday life, strategies that do not help the woman to heal from trauma.

Background: Diabetes mellitus occurs in two main forms: type 1 (DM1) and 2 (DM2). DM1 is based on insulin deficiency and DM2 on insulin resistance. Diabetes mellitus, type 2 is a public health problem that is increasing both in Sweden and globally. To alleviate the disease medical treatments are required but also self-care. Self-care is a large part of the treatment to alleviate the disease and reduce complications that can occur with untreated DM2.

Aim: The aim of this literature review was to elucidate how patients experience self-care in diabetes mellitus type 2.

Method: A literature review with 10 qualitative scientific articles that were chosen from the databases CINAHL Complete and PubMed. These articles were analyzed through Friberg`s method.

Results: Six main themes were identified: Control over one`s illness, Diet and physical activity, Support from family, Knowledge and competence, Patients' experience of health care and Financial aspects.

Summary: The results of this literature review showed that patients felt that self-care in DM2 was influenced by various basic factors. The responsibility for wanting to live and get healthy was on the participants, and that it was something no one else can take responsibility for. Getting support from their family members, friends and neighbors motivated and encouraged them. Knowledge and support from health care professionals was also a promoting factor for the participants to become motivated to learn more about the disease and maintain self-care.

Background: Qualitative longitudinal research (QLR) comprises qualitative studies, with repeated data collection, that focus on the temporality (e.g., time and change) of a phenomenon. The use of QLR is increasing in health research since many topics within health involve change (e.g., progressive illness, rehabilitation). A method study can provide an insightful understanding of the use, trends and variations within this approach. The aim of this study was to map how QLR articles within the existing health research literature are designed to capture aspects of time and/or change.

Methods: This method study used an adapted scoping review design. Articles were eligible if they were written in English, published between 2017 and 2019, and reported results from qualitative data collected at different time points/time waves with the same sample or in the same setting. Articles were identified using EBSCOhost. Two independent reviewers performed the screening, selection and charting.

Results: A total of 299 articles were included. There was great variation among the articles in the use of methodological traditions, type of data, length of data collection, and components of longitudinal data collection. However, the majority of articles represented large studies and were based on individual interview data. Approximately half of the articles self-identified as QLR studies or as following a QLR design, although slightly less than 20% of them included QLR method literature in their method sections.

Conclusions: QLR is often used in large complex studies. Some articles were thoroughly designed to capture time/change throughout the methodology, aim and data collection, while other articles included few elements of QLR. Longitudinal data collection includes several components, such as what entities are followed across time, the tempo of data collection, and to what extent the data collection is preplanned or adapted across time. Therefore, there are several practices and possibilities researchers should consider before starting a QLR project.

Background A stoma is a surgical procedure which leads the intestine through the abdomen. This changes the intestinal function and leads to elimination through the abdomen. Information and good care are the foundation to adapt to the new reality.

Aim To describe adults experiences of living with a stoma.

Method The method used is a literature review. Articles with qualitative and quantitative methods were used from the databases PubMed and Cinahl complete. The articles were analyzed thematically, which were used as a basis for the result.

Results Three main themes identified in the result were A changed life, Psychological impact of having a stoma and Need for support and knowledge. It was shown that the stoma had an impact on the everyday life and could have a negative psychological impact. It was clear that persons that had a stoma were in need of support from their care provider and family.

Summary To get a stoma can be physically and psychologically distressing for people. Problems which can be difficult to deal with and cause a dysfunctional everyday life arise. Furthermore, a need for care and self-care is created.

Bakgrund: Självskattningsinstrumentet Quality of Life in Life Threatening Illness - Family carer version (QOLLTI-F) är utvecklat för att mäta livskvalitet hos närstående till personer i livets slut. Instrumentet är översatt till svenska och har uppvisat tillfredsställande innehållsvaliditet. Vidare validering behövs.

Syfte: Att utvärdera mätegenskaper för QOLLTI-F, med fokus på begreppsvaliditet och reliabilitet, bland närstående till personer i livets slut.

Metod: Studien har en tvärsnittsdesign och data samlades in vid två specialiserade hemsjukvårdsenheter i två städer i Sverige. Totalt 114 närstående (61% kvinnor, medelålder 67,5 år) besvarade en enkät bestående av bakgrundsfrågor och självskattningsinstrumenten QOLLTI-F, Caregiver Burden Scale (CBS), Preparedness for Caregiving Scale (PCS) samt Reward of Caregiving Scale (RCS). Konvergerande validitet utvärderades genom att korrelera QOLLTI-F med CBS, PCS och RCS. För att utvärdera den relativa betydelsen av QOLLTI-Fs dimensioner för närståendes övergripande livskvalitet användes multipel linjär regressionsanalys. Intern konsistens utvärderades med Cronbach’s alfa.

Resultat: De allra flesta närstående hade svarat på alla frågor och hela svarsskalan från 0–10 användes för nästan alla frågor. Samtliga QOLLTI-F dimensioner förutom patientens tillstånd korrelerade som förväntat med upplevelse av påfrestning, förberedelse för att vårda och/eller egen behållning vilket stöder konvergerande validitet. Dimensionerna i QOLLTI-F förklarade tillsammans 70,5% av variationen i övergripande livskvalitet; närståendes eget tillstånd och närståendes perspektiv hade högst förklaringsvärde. Cronbach’s alfa varierade mellan 0,58–0,86.

Betydelse: Självskattningsinstrumentet QOLLTI-F uppvisade goda mätegenskaper för att skatta närståendes livskvalitet i den aktuella studien. Resultaten indikerar att den övergripande frågan kan användas enskilt, speciellt när intresset är att fånga livskvalitet utifrån närståendes eget tillstånd och perspektiv.

INTRODUCTION: When a child is diagnosed with cancer, the whole family is affected, and parents struggle to grasp challenging information regarding diagnosis and prognosis. Most parents and children want honest communication and openness, yet this remains a complex and challenging task for healthcare professionals.

OBJECTIVES: To describe bereaved mothers' and fathers' reports of communication of their child's cancer diagnosis and when the illness became incurable.

METHODS: Data from a Swedish population-based survey conducted in 2016, including 135 mothers and 97 fathers who had lost a child to cancer 1-5 years earlier, were studied regarding the parents' reports of communication about their child's illness.

RESULTS: A vast majority of parents wants information when their child's illness becomes incurable, and this need is generally met. However, fathers to a lesser extent than mothers, reported that they were informed about it. According to parents' reports 87 % of children received diagnostic information and 44 % of the children received prognostic information.

CONCLUSION: A vast majority of both mothers and fathers would like to know when their child's illness becomes incurable, yet it remains unknown to what extent they want their child to be informed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Background: When a child can no longer be cured from its disease, palliative care is introduced with the aim to reduce the child’s suffering and maintain the child’s quality of life at the end of life. The parents play an important role in the care of the child. The understanding of parents’ experiences can contribute to a better treatment of the parents in a care context.

Aim: The aim was to illustrate parents’ experience of having a child who receives palliative care.

Method: A literature review with ten scientific articles that were retrieved from the databases Cinahl Complete and PubMed.

Results: Four themes were identified in the results: emotions, the parenting role, the care team and the impact on the parents and the family. Parents experienced different kinds of emotions regarding their child receiving palliative care. The parenting role changed, and the parents gained greater responsibility for their child’s care. They found it difficult to make decisions about their child. The care team played an important role to the parents. Clear information, communication and support from the care team were perceived as important by the parents. Many lost contacts with friends and relatives, and the parent’s own health was affected negatively.

Summary: The parents experienced difficult emotions and it was particularly difficult to make decisions about the care of the child. Communication with the care team was important and the parents needed to receive clear and honest information, as well as support from the hospital staff. It was meaningful to the parents to preserve the relationship with their child. The possibility of receiving home care was crucial to some families.

Background: Intimate partner violence is a widespread and extensive societal problem that has serious consequences. Every third woman world wide will be exposed to violence by a partner at some point during her lifetime. It can be difficult to detect exposure to violence and most often a victim of violence chooses not to disclose it. The nurses therefore has a key role in identifying the presence of violence in the encounter with these patients.

Aim: The purpose was to describe nurses experiences in identifying people who have been exposed to intimate partner violence.

Method: Literature review based on eleven articles, six qualitative and five quantitative.

Results: The results are based on four categories: Lack of time and other obstacles to screening, Insufficient training in dealing with abused people, Recognizing exposure to violence and how to get a person to disclose it and The emotional impact on nurses. Nurses mean that they do not have enough time, knowledge, training or support to detect violence to help those who are exposed. They also didn't feel entirely comfortable raising issues of violence.

Summary: It ́s complex to ask questions about violence and to identify exposure to violence. Preparation, education, organizational support and guidance to be able to identify and help is required. Discovering violence and getting a disclosure is based on trust and confidence which requires time, commitment, knowledge and experience.

Background: Language barriers in healthcare meetings have led to many challenges that health care professionals have to deal with every day. it is the caregiver's responsibility to ensure thatpatients, regardless of culture and language,receive equal care. it is shown that the language barriers have led to health and medical staff having difficulty finding good care for everyone.

Aim: The aim of this literature review is to describe the healthcare personnel's experiences of language barriers in communication with patients.

Method: A literature review has been conducted according to Friberg (2017) and it has been based on ten qualitative scientific articles. Two different databases were used to collect data: CINAHL Complete and PubMed. The keywords used were: " Communication barriers" "Nurse" "Experience".

Results: The results presented four main themes. "Language barriers take time and strain", "Language barriers prevent a good care meeting", "Language barriers despite the use of interpreters", "Communication Strategies to counteract language barriers".

Summary: The conclusions shows that the experience of health care professionals was that obstacles in the performance of care were the language barriers. They felt that effective and efficient care could not be provided due to lack of time, workload and that ithad been challenging to use an interpreter. 

Background: Every fourth woman experiences a miscarriage during her fertile time, which makes it a commonly occurring diagnosis. How a person experiences and handles this is individual. According to women, care for abortion is better than for miscarriage and the care is more focused on the woman's physical health than the psychological, even though the psychological aspect can give rise to the problem in the woman later in life.

Aim: The aim was to describe women's experiences of Health Personnel Attitude in the event of a miscarriage. Method: The authors chose to do a literature review of 10 qualitative and quantitative articles that answered the purpose of the literature review.

Results: The results show that the women do not receive enough information in several respects when it comes to miscarriage. The women felt that they felt unprepared for a miscarriage and were unsure where to turn for help. The results also showed that the care staff's treatment was of great importance in how the miscarriage affected the woman. The follow-up of the mental health failed and the women in the literature review had wanted better follow-up and help with the mental state.

Summary: The women express that they lacked enough information to know where to turn for help with their mental well-being and lacked information that miscarriage is not uncommon. The women describe that they wanted the healthcare staff to see the women in their difficult time and take the individual into account, as well as have follow-up conversations about the mental state.

Sambandet mellan människors, djurs och ekosystems hälsa är viktigt för att målet "En gemensam hälsa" skall uppnås. I detta kapitel förklarar vi vad One Health är, vilka teorier som ligger bakom One Health, vilka centrala begrepp och perspektiv som är viktiga för området och forskning om kopplingen mellan människors och djurs hälsa, människors och miljöns hälsa, samt djurens och miljöns hälsa. Vi tar upp olika aspekter rörande lantbruksdjur, sällskapsdjur och vilda djur och hur det sätt vi föder upp och sköter dem på påverkar miljön, och i det långa loppet även människor. Vi beskriver hur djurs sjukdomar kan påverka människors hälsa och omvänt, samt One Health-perspektivets koppling till vård, omsorg och rehabilitering utomhus.

Bakgrund: En allt större del av den palliativa vården bedrivs i hemmet vilket innebär att närstående tilldelas en mer ansvarsfull roll och har i och med det ett ökat behov av stöd. Stödet till närstående syftar till att vara förberedande, förebygga ohälsa och främja livskvalitet.

Syfte: Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att beskriva närståendes upplevelse av stöd när palliativ vård bedrivs i hemmet.

Metod: En litteraturöversikt med induktiv ansats utfördes. Studier med kvalitativ design inkluderades. Artikelsökningar gjordes i tre databaser och resulterade i 14 artiklar som bedömdes relevanta för syftet. De inkluderade artiklarna bearbetades med hjälp av tematisk analys.

Resultat: Resultatet beskrivs i tre teman; Emotionellt stöd, informativt stöd och personalens förhållningssätt. Resultatet relateras till Andersheds teori om delaktighet i ljuset- delaktighet i mörkret och det framkom perspektiv som kan härledas till både delaktighet i ljuset och mörkret.

Slutsats: Ett varierat stödbehov hos närstående som även är föränderligt över tid samt individuella förutsättningar att tillgodogöra sig stödet är något som vårdpersonalen behöver beakta i mötet med närstående och medför att stödet behöver individanpassas.

BACKGROUND: Living with a parent facing life-threatening illness and losing a mom or dad at a young age can cause both short- and long-term health problems. Without satisfactory support, adolescents' and young people are at risk of developing low self-esteem, behavioural difficulties (e.g., anger and aggression), long-term illness or premature death caused by severe mental illness, substance abuse, self-harm and suicide attempts. The aim of this study was to explore adolescents' and young people's needs and preferences for support as they live with a parent with life-threatening cancer.

METHODS: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 10 respondents (17-24 years) in Norway and Sweden. Data were analysed through grounded theory according to Charmaz.

RESULTS: Adolescents' and young peoples' needs and preferences for support were described through the main category 'To feel safe and secure and to be prepared' and further broken down into five subcategories 'Relationships in the immediate family-balancing support and protection'; 'The social network-support and normalcy in a carefully selected group'; 'Maintaining everyday life-challenges in school and working life'; 'The right support at the right time-competence, trust and continuity in meeting health care professionals'; and 'Support outside the home-an opportunity for full transparency'.

CONCLUSION: Adolescents' and young peoples' preferences for support when living with a parent facing life-threatening illness are individual and unique, but they share a common need to feel safe and secure and to be prepared. Adolescents and young people express that they primarily want support from parents and friends, but they also want support from health care professionals, especially in situations when the ill parent becomes worse. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance for health care professionals to identify the most vulnerable adolescents and young people by mapping their social networks and paying extra attention to their needs for support when there is deterioration in the parent's illness state. This study also highlights the importance for health care professionals to establish a good relationship with adolescents and young people to meet their needs and preferences for support. In addition, information and support are needed in a timely manner and adapted to the life-threatening ill parent's illness state and individual's needs and preferences to optimise preparedness.

Bakgrund: Palliativ vård är lindrande vård för sjukdomstillstånd som inte längre ärmöjliga att bota. Den bedrivs utifrån en helhetssyn där fokus ligger påvärdighet och livskvalitet. Helhetssyn inom palliativ vård är en kontinuerligprocess som utgår från sjukdomsförloppet och patientens aktuella situation. Det innefattar en sammanvägning av vad patient och närstående önskar, hurpatienten kan förväntas reagera på behandlingar samt vilka alternativ somfinns. Etiska utmaningar inom palliativ vård är komplexa och påverkas avmånga omständigheter. Konflikter mellan olika värden, intressen, etiskaprinciper eller mellan yttre och inre etiska krav.

Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av etiska utmaningar inompalliativ vård.

Metod: Studien är en litteraturstudie baserad på Bettany-Saltikov och McSherrys metod för systematiska litteraturstudie, där en tematisk analys av resultatetenligt Braun och Clarkes sex steg för tematiska analyser utfördes. Totalt analyserades 14 artiklar efter genomsökning i databaser Cinahl och Pubmed.

Resultat: Resultatet framträdde i tre teman: Olika uppfattningar om lämpligbehandlingsnivå där meningsskiljaktighet mellan läkare och sjuksköterskagällande behandlingsnivå ofta uppstod. Att hamna i kläm mellan närståendeoch patienten beskrev en inre konflikt mellan lojaliteten mot patienten ochmot närstående. Hinder att ge god palliativ vård visade att inre konflikterkunde uppstå mellan inre normer om god palliativ vård och yttre krav.

Slutsats: Litteraturstudiens resultat bidrar till ökad kunskap om hur etiska problem kanbidra till moralisk stress hos sjuksköterskor och vilka konsekvenser det kanmedföra

Background: All health care is as far as possible voluntary. People who are seriously mentally ill do not always realize that they are in need of care and can therefore be cared for with the support of coercive laws. Being cared for under compulsory care can be perceived as a violation of dignity and integrity and thereby create care suffering. At the same time, it’s the nurse's responsibility, who leads and performs coercive measures, to alleviate suffering, which can be seen as a dilemma. There is therefore a need for increased knowledge to better understand the consequences of coercive measures in order to develop and improve this care measure.

Aim: The aim was to describe registered nurses' experience of coercive measures in psychiatric care.

Method: A literature review with a systematic approach was chosen as the method. Fifteen qualitative articles were included and analyzed using Thomas and Harden's method for thematic analysis. The analysis was done in three steps and resulted in four themes, with two associated sub-themes each.

Results: The nurse's experience of coercive measures was characterized by an emotional stress based on an internal conflict, at the same time as coercive measures are considered a necessary tool for a safe care environment. The execution and outcome of coercive measures are affected by the nurses' skills and experiences and there is therefore a need for nursing guidance.

Conclusion: The emotional stress creates suffering in nurses, which in turn can lead to care suffering in the patients. Increased support, nursing guidance and knowledge of nurses' suffering are thus of essence for developing psychiatric care in the direction of good compulsory care. Keywords: Compulsory psychiatric care, registered nurses, experiences, coercive measures, suffering

Background: Diabetes is the fourth leading cause of premature death in the world. The disease often causes complications, increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and causes suffering for patients and their relatives. Diabetes-related care costs society great resources. People with prediabetes can prevent or postpone the onset of type 2 diabetes through lifestyle changes. Working with lifestyle changes to promote health and prevent disease is essential for the district nurse.

Aim: The aim was to illustrate patients' experiences of lifestyle changes in prediabetes.

Method: A qualitative literature review with a systematic approach was conducted, based on searches in three scientific databases. 15 primary studies were analysed using Thomas and Harden's method for thematic synthesis of qualitative research in systematic literature reviews.

Results: Patients' experiences of lifestyle changes were presented in four main themes. Receiving a diagnosis highlighted whether the diagnosis was a reason to make lifestyle changes or not. The meaning of support showed that support was crucial for implementing and maintaining lifestyle changes. Complicating factors described aspects that made lifestyle changes more difficult. Strategies highlighted strategies used to facilitate lifestyle changes and manage barriers.

Conclusion: The result showed a wide range of experiences. The importance of support was prominent. Motivation was influenced by perceptions of diabetes and whether the condition was perceived as controllable. Sacrifices and reduced quality of life were aggravating. The result contributes to an understanding of prediabetes patients' experiences of lifestyle changes. This can be implemented in nursing practice to strengthen confidence in self-efficacy and patient participation.

Background: Within psychiatric care, nurses hold responsibility for providing nursing care to patients with psychiatric conditions. Nursing care involves supporting patients to independence, life control and sense of meaning. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image and mood. Patients with BPD experience stigmatization and a short, harsh and prejudiced approach in contact with healthcare staff.

Aim: The aim was to describe nurses' experiences of caring for patients with Borderline personality disorder within psychiatric care.

Method: Literature review based on ten scientific articles collected from the two databases CINAHL Complete and PsychINFO.

Results: The result is presented under two main themes: Attitudes towards patients with BPD and Perceived prerequisites and obstacles for adequate care.

Summary: The nurses reported more negative attitudes and less empathy towards patients with BPD than other professions in psychiatric care. However, the nurses reported both positive and negative experiences of caring for the patient group. A functional nurse-patient relationship was considered to contribute a positive experience and was considered crucial for successful care outcomes. Patients with BPD were perceived to have problematic behaviors such as manipulation, attention-seeking and splitting of staff groups. The nurses expressed comprehension to these behaviors and that they are not self-elected.

Purpose: Being a family member to someone who has amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is demanding and often requires sacrificing a lot. Family members can experience fatigue, anxiety, guilt and need support. The aim was to explore registered nurses’ (RNs’) experiences of providing support to the families of patients with ALS within specialized palliative home care (SPHC).

Methods: A qualitative explorative design. Interviews were conducted with RNs (n = 11) from five SPHCs in Sweden and analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Results: The results emerged in the following categories:” To support in an increasingly difficult everyday life”, based on the sub-categories: “Creating a trusting relationship”, “Balancing between the needs of patients and their families”, and “Sharing knowledge about dying to the families”;” To support in emotionally challenging situations”, based on the sub-categories: “Harbouring family members’ difficult feelings”, “Providing support even though the situation is unpleasant” and “Being able to give support by receiving confirmation and support from others”.

Conclusions: RNs working in SPHC have an important role in providing support in several ways to the families of patients with ALS, through facilitating their everyday life and giving emotional support when needed, based on the needs of both patients and their families.

Background: Pain is a subjective and an individual experience which cannot be judge by the apperance of an injury. The role of a nurse is to improve quality of life, alleviate suffering and reduce the impact of pain. In healthcare, addictive opioids are mainly administered for pain. People with a substance dependence and pain have the same right to a qualitative evidence-based and dignified care. Pain management should be characterized by a person-centred approach in which pain is respected, acknowledged and believed in, considers the various factors that may influence the experience of pain.

Aim: The aim was to describe nurses' experiences of managing pain in patients with substance dependence.

Method: A general literature review based on ten original scholarly articles, taken from PubMed and CINAHL Complete databases was chosen for the study. The key words in PubMed was “nurs* experienc*”, “nurs* attitude*”, "Substance-Related Disorders", "Opioid-Related Disorders", "Pain Management", "care management" and “pain”. The following key words in Cinahl complete was "Substance Dependence", "Substance Use Disorders", "Pain Management", "care management", “Pain”, “nurs* experienc*” and “nurs* attitude*”. Of the selected articles were eight of qualitative design and two were quantitative. They were all quality reviewed and systematically analyzed according to Friberg's method description.

Results: The findings show that inadequate care occurs as a result of nurses' perceived, as well as measurable, experiences of treating pain in patients with substance addictions. Based on lack of knowledge and communication, stigmatization, uncertainties and fears, as well as deficiencies in standardized pain assessment instruments and treatment guidelines.

Summary: Managing pain in patients with substance dependence requires broad competence and affects physical, social and psychological needs. The healthcare have to integrate a person-centered way of working to accomplish those needs. Stigma and self-management of own feelings could be improved by sharing experiences and knowledge. Organizational changes at the political level are also required for improvements.

Background: End-of-life palliative care promotes well-being, quality of life, and alleviates suffering for patients in the last days of their lives. In order to create the best possible conditions for palliative care to fulfill its function, communication is the key that creates relationships between the nurse, the patient, relatives and everyone else who is part of the care team. Based on good communication, the nurse can meet, involve, inform the patient and their relatives about the patient's disease process and apply the best possible care at the end of life.

Aim: The aim was to describe nurses’ experiences of communication with patients at the end of life.

Method: The method being used is a literature review based on ten articles selected from databases PubMed and Cinahl Complete. Fridbergs analysis model was used to analyze the articles.

Results: The analysis of the results consists of four themes; (1) Collaboration in the work group, (2) Conversations about existential issues, (3) Cultural challenges and (4) The need of knowledge and experience.

Summary: Communication is the most important tool that a nurse owns to build interpersonal relationships with the patient, relatives and multidisciplinary team in end-of-life care. Good communication provides the conditions for delivering the best possible end of life care to the patient and their loved ones.

Background: Homelessness is a widespread global problem. In Sweden, approximately 33,000 people live in some form of homelessness. People in homelessness often have both physical and mental illnesses in addition to multiple social struggles. In order for homeless people with complex needs to receive adequate care and care interventions, individual measures and cooperation between different agencies are needed. The guiding word for Agenda 2030 emphasize that no one should be left out and the opportunity for good health and access to care should be seen as human rights. At the same time, people in homelessness avoid seeking care to a greater extent than others. That care and care interventions are coordinated and organized so that they are used and appreciated by people living in homelessness is a prerequisite for achieving the ambition of equal care.

Aim: The aim was to describe the experiences people who live in homelessness have regarding health and welfare interventions. 

Method: A literature review based on ten scientific articles.

Results: The results are presented in two categories; Deficiencies in planning, collaboration and discharge and the need to create accessible continuous and individually tailored care. The results showed that the obstacles that existed for homeless people to seek care were reduced with the help of outreach services and cooperation. This gave homeless people access and continuity of care and social care efforts. Through a care coordinator, trusting care relationships could be formed where complex needs were met. 

Summary: People living in homelessness feel that they do not receive the care and support they need. Lack of communication between organizers leaves people experiencing homelessness feeling neglected. Today, responsibility is placed on people living in homelessness to navigate difficult-to-interpret structural systems themselves. Care coordinators are needed in order to promote continuity of care. Person-centered interventions are needed to meet the needs of people living in homelessness.